Puroresu ( ???? ) is a popular term for the dominant style or the professional wrestling genre that has evolved in Japan. This term is derived from the Japanese pronunciation "professional wrestling" ( ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? to be puroresu In this sense, it can be transliterated as pro-wres This term became popular among English speaking fans because of Hisaharu Tanabe's activities in the online Usenet community.Growing from its origins in the traditional style of US wrestling , it has become a separate entity.The pro-Japanese wrestling differs in the psychology and presentation of its sport.This is treated as a legitimate battle, with fewer plays, the story told in the Japanese game is about the spirit and persistence of the fighter.In a strong style, usually associated with the puroresu, strikes the full martial arts contacts and holds the submitted shooting submission.
The first Japanese to involve himself in grappling wrestling, the traditional professional wrestling foundation, was a former sumo wrestler, Sorakichi Matsuda. There were subsequent attempts before and after World War II to popularize sports in Japan, but this generally failed until the appearance of the first big star, Rikid? Zan, in 1951, who came to be known as the "father" of sport. Rikid? Zan brought this sport to remarkable popularity with the Japanese Wrestling Association (JWA) until his murder in 1963. After his death, Puroresu developed, creating various personalities, promotions and styles. It has also created many other cultural icons in Japan including: Antonio Inoki, Giant Baba, Jyushin "Guntur" Liger, Tiger Mask, Keiji Mutoh/Muta Besar, Mitsuharu Misawa, and Kenta Kobashi. Over the years, a number of promotions have been opened and closed, but some have survived to remain the most popular and growing companies: New Japan Pro-Wrestling is currently considered by many to be the top promotion.
Video Puroresu
Ikhtisar
Although there are some similarities with the more popular professional wrestling style in the United States, Japanese wrestling is known for many differences from Western styles. Puroresu is known as "fighting spirit " and the wrestlers are known for their complete contact strike. Many Japanese wrestlers have some level of knowledge in various martial arts and wrestling styles; Because of this, there are usually doctors and trainers at Ringside to help the wrestlers after the game. Most matches have a clean finish and many promotions do not use any angles or gimmicks. Japanese wrestling is also known for its association with fellow mixed martial arts. Wrestling and iconic martial art Antonio Inoki usually organizes wrestling matches and MMA fights on the same card. Puroresu still remains popular and attracts a large crowd of great promotions. With this and its relationship with other martial arts disciplines, the spectators and wrestlers treat puroresu as a combat sport.
It should also be noted that the term "Puroresu" in Japan refers to all professional wrestling, regardless of country of origin. For example, the promotion of American WWE and Ring of Honor is referred to as "Puroresu" in Japan.
Maps Puroresu
Rules
Puroresu has a variety of different rules, which can be completely different from wrestling in other countries. Although there is no regulatory authority for puroresu, there are general standards that have been developed. Each campaign has its own variations, but everything is pretty similar to avoid confusion. Any convention described here is standard, and may or may not exactly match any promotional code rule provided.
General structure
Matches are held between two or more sides ("angles"). Each corner can consist of one wrestler, or two or more teams. Most team matches are governed by tag team rules (see below).
The match was won by "fall", which is generally consistent with standard professional wrestling:
- Pinning the opponent's shoulder to the mat for three counts of the referee.
- Submission of victory, which sees either wrestlers tap or orally subject to their opponents.
- Knockout , failure to regain composure on referee command
- Countout , the party's failure to return to the ring at the referee's order, determined by a count of twenty (some federations use ten, but in Japanese wrestling they use twenty).
- Disqualification , the action of a wrestler violates the rules.
Additional rules govern how the outcome of the match will take place. One such example is the Universal Wrestling Federation of Japan, as it does not allow an absolute victory in favor of shipping and blocking; this is seen as the initial influence of mixed martial arts, as some wrestlers break away from the traditional wrestling end to match for legitimate results. Another example is that most promotions prohibit blows so many wrestlers use rigid open hand and arm attacks; This rule is also applied in the early stages of Pancrase.
Styles
The dominant style of Japanese professional wrestling is determined by two dominant promotions in Japan. New Japan Pro-Wrestling, headed by Antonio Inoki, uses Inoki's "powerful style" approach as a sport of combat. Wrestlers include kicks and strikes from martial arts disciplines, and a strong emphasis is placed on wrestling submissions. Many of Japan's new wrestlers including top stars like Shinya Hashimoto, Riki Choshu, and Keiji Mutoh come from a legitimate martial arts background. All Pro Japan Wrestling, under the direction of Shohei Baba, uses a style called "King's Road." The style of "King's Road" comes mostly from American wrestling, especially top wrestling styles at the National Wrestling Alliance, such as Dory Funk Jr., Terry Funk, and Harley Race, all of which wrestle for Baba in Japan. Thus, "King's Road" puts a heavy emphasis on holding work, fighting, and the elements of professional wrestling storytelling. Due to the proliferation of "wrestling" promotions in the early 1980s, it promised the winners and the decisive losers when the two major promotions protected their top stars with double or double counting, major promotions typically retained only clean formats ever since.
Throughout the 1990s, three individual styles - shooting style, lucha libre, and hardcore - were the main divisions of independent promotion, but as a result of interpromoting, it was not uncommon to see all three styles on the same card.
Joshi puroresu
Puroresu is performed by a female wrestler called joshi puroresu ( ?????? ) or joshi puro in short. Women's professional wrestling in Japan is usually handled by promotions specializing in joshi puroresu, rather than the male-dominated promotional division as well as in the United States (the only exception is FMW, the promotion of men with small women's divisions , but even then it depends on the talent of the women's federation to give the competition). However, joshi puroresu promotions usually have an agreement with the promotion of a male puroresu so that they acknowledge each title as valid, and may share the card.
All Pro Wrestling Japanese Women are the dominant joshi organization from the 1970s to the 1990s. AJW's first major star was Mach Fumiake in 1974, followed in 1975 by Jackie Sato and Maki Ueda, known as the "Beauty Couple". The early 1980s saw the fame of Jaguar Yokota and Devil Masami, the main stars of the second wave of great workers taking the place of the glamorous "Beauty Pair" generation. The decade will see the emergence of Chigusa Nagayo and Lioness Asuka, known as "Crush Gals," which as a tag team reach an unprecedented level of mainstream success in Japan, unheard of by women wrestlers in the history of professional wrestling all over the world. Their longstanding fight with Dump Matsumoto and his stable "Gokuaku Domei" ("Cengeng Alliance") will become very popular in Japan during the 1980s, with their television show which produced some of the highest impressions on Japanese television as well as promotions. regularly selling the arena.
It was during the 1990s that joshi puroresu drew a lot of international critical acclaim, and several classic games during this era were fought over by the joshi wrestlers elected 5-stars by the American wrestling publication < i> Wrestling News Observer . The important wrestlers of joshi in the 1990s include Manami Toyota, Bull Nakano, Akira Hokuto, Suzuki Cutie, Aja Kong, Megumi Kudo, Shinobu Kandori, Kyoko Inoue, Takako Inoue (nothing to do with the first), Dynamite Kansai, and Mayumi Ozaki.
Puroresu on television
From the beginning, Japanese professional wrestling depended on television to reach a wide audience. Rikid match? Zan in the 1950s, aired by Nippon TV, often drew large crowds to a giant Tokyo screen. Finally TV Asahi also gained the right to broadcast the JWA, but eventually the two main broadcasters agreed to split the talent, which centered on two Rikid disciples? Two: NTV for Giant Baba and his group, and Asahi for Antonio Inoki and his group. This arrangement continued after the JWA split into a major promotion today, New Japan and All of Japan, each led by Inoki and Baba. In 2000, after Pro Noah Pro wrestling, NTV decided to follow a new venture rather than stay with All Japan. Currently, however, reflecting the decline of professional wrestling in the US in the 1970s and early 1980s, the Power Props and New Japan World Pro Wrestling have largely been relegated to midnight by their broadcasters.
The advent of cable television and pay per view also allow independent as RINGS increases. WOWOW has an employment agreement with Akira Maeda who pays millions to RINGS when he is shown, but is eventually removed with Maeda's retirement and subsequent collapse RINGS.
In 2009, due to the bearish global economy, NTV canceled all wrestling programs, including NOAH's Power Hour (the smaller affiliates still broadcast big cards), marking the end of the tradition back to Rikidozan.
Relationship with professional wrestling outside of Japan
Stranger on Japanese circuit
Since its founding, professional wrestling in Japan relies on foreigners, called gaijin, especially North America, to get its own stars. Rikid? Zan's JWA and promotional successors All Japan Pro wrestling and New Japan Pro-Wrestling are members of the American Wrestling Alliance based in America at various points, and use this connection to bring North American stars. International Pro Wrestling is the first Japanese promotion connected to the European circuit. Through the IWE, the Frenchman AndrÃÆ' Â © the Giant gained its international reputation for the first time.
In recent years, many of the most popular wrestlers in North America, such as Sting, Hulk Hogan, Bret Hart, Children Dynamite, Big Van Vader, Mick Foley, Eddie Guerrero, Chris Jericho, Kurt's Corn, Rob Van Dam, Sabu, Mil Máscaras , El Canek, Dos Caras, El Solitario, Samoa Joe, AJ Styles, Bryan Danielson, CM Punk, Travis Tomko, Giant Bernard, Bill Goldberg, Chris Sabin, Low Ki, Brock Lesnar, Davey Richards, Chris Hero, and others have grapple in Japan, while others like Stan Hansen and Kenny Omega spend most of their career in Japan and are thus better known there than in their homeland. Even in joshi puroresu, some famous foreigners have found success wrestling for joshi promotions, such as Monster Ripper, Madusa, Reggie Bennett and Amazing Kong. The obsolete World Championship midfielder has a strong talent exchange deal with New Japan, Ken Shamrock was one of the first Americans to compete in shooting style competitions in Japan, starting at UWF and then opening Pancrase with some other Japanese snipers.
As a result of introducing lucha libre to Japan, Mexican stars are also competing in Japan. The most popular Mexican wrestler to compete in Japan is Mil MÃÆ'¡scaras, which is credited with introducing a high flying lucha libre movement to a Japanese audience, which then leads to a style called lucha-resu, which is then manifested by Tiger Mask.
Foreign wrestlers from various backgrounds have gained huge followers, sometimes larger than the top Japanese listings in their respective Japanese promotions. American Stan Hansen, Indian Tiger Jeet Singh, Canada Abdullah the Butcher, and British wrestler Dynamite Kid were among those cited as top foreign grapplers in a recent poll against Japanese fans:
Japanese star overseas
All Japanese Pro wrestling and New Japan Wrestling Wrestling, as well as others, have also sent wrestlers to compete in countries such as the United States, Mexico, Britain, Puerto Rico, and so on. Typically, this talent exchange is an opportunity for puroresu stars to learn other styles to add to their own strength, a tradition that started with Rikidozan alone between 1951 and 1953. Some of the more famous examples of this exchange are Hakushi at WWF, Masahiro Chono, The Great Muta and Jyushin Thunder Liger in WCW, and ECW featuring talents like Hayabusa from Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and Michinoku Pro Wrestling.
Before the advent of cable television, some Japanese wrestlers in the US adopted a name that is often inconsistent and often depicted by more than one Japanese wrestler, such as "Tokyo Joe" (Katsuji Adachi, Koji "Thunder" Sugiyama and Tetsunosuke Daigo), "Mr. Sato" (Akio Sato and Akihisa Mera) and "Great Togo" (Kazuo Okamura and Haruka Eigen). Some North American names and gimmicks stick to wrestlers and define personality in the ring permanently, such as Hiro Matsuda, Killer Khan, Great Kabuki, Muta Besar, Mr. Hito, and Mr. Pogo. Japanese wrestlers are sent to Mexico, where wrestling masks are the rule, adopting mask based personas; An example is Osamu Matsuda being El Samurai, Yoshihiro Asai being ÃÆ'Å¡ltimo DragÃÆ'³n, and Masanori Murakawa being Great Sasuke. Despite the advent of cable television and the Internet, some Japanese wrestlers still adopt the names of all-new rings, especially when they join WWE, whose trademark often rings. Recent examples include Mitsuhide Hirasawa as Hideo Saito, Yamamoto as Yoshi Tatsu, Kana as Asuka, and Kenta Kobayashi as Hideo Itami./b>. A recent counter example is Shinsuke Nakamura, who continues to perform under the name of his birth at WWE. Japanese wrestlers appearing on other American circuits such as Impact Wrestling (originally Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, or TNA) and Ring of Honor rarely change their name.
Some of the AJW joshi stars have wrestled for the World Wrestling Federation in the 1980s and 1990s, with The Jumping Bomb Angels and Bull Nakano known to be very successful.
Gaea Japan once had a working agreement with the Wrestling World Championships in the mid-1990s, when the latter brought the wrestlers from Gaea to improve their women's division ranks, with Akira Hokuto being the first and only WCW Women's Champion, and WCW Cruiser Class Championship Women were even introduced and defended in Gaea performances.
the latest examples of Japanese wrestlers working in foreign promotions include Satoshi Kojima in Wrestling Major League, Kenta Kobashi, Go Shiozaki, Takeshi Morishima, and Kenta in Ring of Honor, Hirooki Goto, Masato Yoshino, Tiger Mask IV, Hiroshi Tanahashi, Kazuchika Okada, Seiya Sanada and Ayako Hamada in TNA/Impact, Aja Kong, Dick Togo, Great Sasuke, Jinsei Shinzaki, Kaori Yoneyama, Toyota Manami and Mayumi Ozaki in Chikara, Hideo Itami, Yoshi Tatsu, Kenzo Suzuki, Taka Michinoku, Asuka, Shinsuke Nakamura and Kairi Sane at WWE, and Ayumi Kurihara, Hiroyo Matsumoto and Tomoka Nakagawa at the Shimmer Women Athlete.
See also
- Japanese martial arts
- Mixed martial arts
- The Alliance of Professional Wrestling Global
- List of professional wrestling campaigns in Japan
References
external links
- Puroresu.com
- PuroresuCentral.com
- Wrestling-Titles.com: Japan
- Strong spirit style (PuroresuFan.com)
- PuroresuPower.com
- Marcus' Puro
- PuroLove.com (in German)
- KingofIndy
- World FMW SHOULDER
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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