Bit (horse)

src: thehorse.com

A bit is a type of horse spike used in horseback riding, usually made of metal or synthetic material, and placed on the horse's mouth or other equid and helps the rider in communicating with the animal.. It lies in the mouth of the mouth in the interdental area where there are no teeth. It is held at the head of a horse with a bridle and has an installed control for use by the rider.

Little function through the principle of negative reinforcement: reduction or relaxation of pressure as a reinforcement for behavior. Motorists apply pressure through control to bits in the horse's mouth and the horse is amplified or rewarded for the correct response with a softer contact or release or pressure, depending on the riding style. Research shows that the soft and consistent bit contact between the rider and the horse causes the animal to be less stressful than intermittent or unexpected contact.

Video Bit (horse)

Tipe dasar

Although there are hundreds of design variations, the base family of bits is determined by the way they use or not use leverage. They include:

• Direct pressure without levers:
  • Snaffle bits: Using a bit of ring in a bit funnel to apply direct pressure on the bars, tongue, and corners of the mouth.
• Bit leverage:
  • Curb bits: Few use a lever type called shank that puts pressure not only in the mouth, but also on the poll and chin groove.
  • Pelham bits: A roadside bit with two sets of controllers mounted on the ring in the mouth and tip of the calf. Some combine snaffle and sidewalk pressure.
  • Kimblewick or Kimberwicke: A hybrid design that uses little light reinforcing power on a bit ring by using a control placement set on the ring.
• The bit combinations
  • The type of bridle that carries two bits, bradoons and sidewalks, and is ridden with two sets of bridles called Weymouth or double reinforcement, after the use of Weymouth style curb habits in a double bridle.
• Non-captive leverage design:
  • Gag bits: A little that, depending on the design, may be outwardly resembling a snaffle or sidewalk, but with additional slots or rings that have an effect by shifting bits up in the horse's mouth, a very severe design.
• The bits in hand are designed only for the leading horses, and include:
  • Chifney Anti-Reting Bit: This is a semi-circular bit with three rings and a straight port or piece of mouth that is used when leading a horse. Ports or straight pieces fit into the mouth, and the circular portion is located beneath the jaw. These bits attach to separate heads or head collars and the edges are trimmed to bits and headcollars to limit the severity.
  • Little tattersall ring
  • Little horses horses

Bits are further described by the funnel style that goes into the horse's mouth as well as by the type of beet or bit shank ring that is outside the mouth, which is attached to the straps.

This type of headgear for horses that use controls with noseband rather than a bit is usually called hackamores, although the term "bitless bridle" has become popular everyday in recent years.

Maps Bit (horse)

History

Horsemen being tamed early may use some kind of gentle headgear made of veins, skin, or rope. The earliest headgear component may be difficult to determine, because the material will not last long. For this reason, no one can say with certainty the coming first, the bridle or the bridle. There is evidence of the use of bits, located on two Botai sites in ancient Kazakhstan, dated around 3500-3000 BC. The nose ring appears in the equids depicted on the Ur Standard, about 2600 BC - 2400 BC. Until now, the earliest known artistic evidence about the use of some forms of borderless restraint came in the illustrations of the Synian rider, around 1400 BC.

The first bit is made of rope, bone, horn, or hardwood. Metal bits started to be used between 1300 and 1200 BC, originally made of bronze. In modern times, nickel was the preferred material until about 1940, when stainless steel replaced it. Copper, aurigan and coke (cold rolled steel) are inserted into a few bits to encourage salivation in the horse's mouth, which encourages a softer mouth and a more relaxed jaw. Bits can also be made from other materials such as rubber or plastic, sometimes in combination with metal.

Throughout history, the need to control horses in battles led to widespread innovation in bit design, generating prototypes and styles over the centuries, from Ancient Greece to modern usage.

src: www.horsemuseum.co.uk

Design and terminology

A bit consists of two basic components, a bit of funnel that enters the horse's mouth, and a bit ring from a slight snaffle or shanks from the edge of the edges, where the constraints and controls are mounted.

All bits act with a combination of pressure and leverage, often at the same time as the pressure applied by other parts of the restraints such as the pavement chains on the chin, the noseband on the jaw and face, or the pressure on the headstalling poll. Custom funnels do not specify bit types. These are sidepieces and leverage rings or shanks are used to act on the horse's mouth which determines whether a bit on the sidewalk or snaffle family, and has a major impact on the severity of the funnel.

The mouthpiece of the little horse is the first factor most people think of when assessing the severity and action of the bits. Therefore, be carefully considered when choosing a bit for a horse. Many funnels are not allowed in certain competitions. A little funnel may be jointed, double-jointed, "mullen" (straight rod), or has a curved port at the center of varying heights, with or without joints. Some have small rollers, rings or "keys" that the horse can move with its tongue. The funnel may be smooth, wrapped in wire or rough, or bent or metal wire.

Different types of metals or synthetic substances are used for bit funnels, which can determine how much a horse ejects saliva or otherwise tolerates little; horses that have a wet mouth are considered more relaxed and responsive. Commonly used metals include stainless steels and nickel alloys, which are generally non-corroded and have a neutral effect on saliva; iron, aurigan and copper, which generally tend to encourage saliva, and aluminum, which are considered to dry up and are not recommended as a funnel metal. Synthetic funnels can be made with or without an internal metal cable or a rod amplifier. Rubber bits are generally thicker than metal bits, but other synthetic types such as plastics are also used. Plastic coated bits often have the same size as metal bits, and some are flavored.

Often, bits with shanks that also have the wrong single or double mouth mouth are referred to as snaffle. Because of the presence of calves, they are actually on the roadside.

src: thehorse.com

Effects

The bit angle does not depend on the horse's teeth, but rather rests on the gums or "bars" of the horse's mouth in the interdental space behind the front of the incisors and in front of the back molars. When a horse is said to "catch its teeth", it means the horse is tense of the lips and its mouth is against a bit to avoid the rider's orders (although some horses may actually learn to get a little bit between their molars).

Depending on the style of bits, pressure can be borne on the bars, tongue, and roof of the mouth, as well as lips, chin grooves and polls. Bits offer different levels of control and communication between the rider and the horse depending on their design and on the rider's skills. It is important that the bit style matches the horse's needs and is installed properly to function properly and be as comfortable as possible for the horse.

In the wrong hands even the lightest can hurt a horse. Conversely, the very heavy, in the right hand, can transmit a very subtle and nuanced signal that does not cause pain to the horse. Orders should be given only with the quietest hand movements, and most of the steering is done with legs and chairs. So, instead of pulling or jerking the horse's head to force-change directions, a skilled rider shows the desired direction by tightening and loosening the grip on the bridle. Calf legs are used to push the horse's body in a certain direction while others are used as axis and to provide the correct amount of impetus required to keep the horse moving. Similarly, when it slows down or stops, a rider sits deeper in the saddle and closes their hands in the bridle, avoiding jerking at a horse or transporting control with a "heavy hand" manner. Changes in seat position and bone seat driver pressure are also very useful for twisting, accelerating and slowing down.

There are many factors in the bitting equation that must be taken into consideration to get a little actual action and severity estimation. Although some mouthpieces are marketed as "correction" (euphemisms for "heavy") bits or "training" (implying little), the term is relative. Bit always rests on the sensitive bars of the horse's mouth. A hard-working rider can make even the most painful, and a skilled and light rider can ride with a much louder mouthpiece without damaging the mouth or causing trouble inside the horse. In addition, the calf or ring has a major impact on the action of the funnel. Snaffle is generally considered the lightest, curbs and the hardest gags. It is difficult, therefore, to compare the more rugged types with light funnel (such as pelham with mullen rubber mouth), and slightly lighter-type with louder funnel (like a thin snaffle with a slow twist). In general, however, funnels can have noticeable differences in severity. Snaffle with crooked cable is never considered lightweight, whereas pelham with low port can.

src: www.limobits.com

Snaffle or direct pressure

All bits work well with direct pressure or leverage. Bits that act with direct pressure on the tongue and lips are in the general category of snaffle bits. Snaffle bits most commonly have single jointed mouthpieces and act with nutcracker effects on bars, tongue and sometimes roof of mouth. However, every bit that operates only on direct pressure is a bit "snaffle", regardless of the funnel.

src: www.valleyvet.com

Curb or exploit the

Bits that have shanks come from bit funnels to create a leverage that applies pressure to polls, chin grooves and horse mouths are in the category of roadside bits. Most funnel mouthpieces are solid without connections, ranging from straight rods with small arches, called "mullen" funnels, through "porting" the slightly curved bit in the center to provide tongue help, to the western-style Vaquero-style shovel that incorporates straight bars and very high "spoon" or "spade" extension that touches the roof of the mouth. Calf length determines the level of leverage placed on the head and the horse's mouth. Again, a bit with shanks and leverage is always a bit "sidewalk" type, even when having jointed mouths more often seen on snaffles (the bits are sometimes - incorrectly - called "cowboy snaffles"). All shanked bits require the use of sidewalk chains or sidewalk straps for proper action and safe use.

src: www.makebe.it

Combination design

Some bits combine both direct pressure and leverage, the most common example being the Pelham bit, which has a shank and a ring that allows both direct pressure and leverage on one bit and driven by four controls; Kimblewick or Kimberwicke, a hybrid bit that uses minimal leverage on a modified snaffle type ring combined with a funnel that is usually more visible on the curbside, is driven by two controls; and double bridle, which puts the sidewalk and snaffle a little simultaneously in the horse's mouth so that each can act independently of the others, driven with four controls. Another bit that combines direct pressure and leverage in a unique way is the bit Gag, a bit derived from the snaffle, instead of having the control attached to the funnel, running the control through a set of rings attached directly to the headstall, creating extra pressure on the lips and polls when applied. Usually used for correction of specific problems, gag bits are generally illegal in the arena of the show and the racecourse.

src: www.limobits.com

idiomatic usage

Bits and horse behavior while wearing bits have entered into popular culture beyond the horse world.

• Looks a little teeth , a phrase that describes a horse that made his jaw against the bit and can not be controlled (rare horse really captures her teeth with molars), is used today to refer to the someone who controls the situation or who can not be controlled and discard the restraints
• Chasing little , also the words chew bits or friction on the bit , which means showing impatience or explode with energy, refers to the tendency some horses, when impatient or nervous, and especially if held by their riders, to chew a little, often excessive salivation. This behavior is sometimes accompanied by head-tossing or scavenging on the ground. Because this behavior is most often seen by the general public on a horse who wants to start a racetrack in the days before the invention of the starting gate, this term has become popular in everyday speech to refer to someone who wants to get started or do something. Because some impatient horses, when pushed back, sometimes will also retreat, related sentences, "getting ready to go," also come from observing horse behavior.

src: www.limobits.com

See also

• The bit guard
• Funnel bit
• Ring bit
• Bit shank
• Few bridges
• Bridle
• Hacking
• Rein
• Slave iron bits

src: www.horsetackco.com

Note

src: www.blackhorseblog.com

References

Editor, Elwyn Hartley (2004). Full Book Bits and Bitting . Devonshire: David & amp; Charles. ISBN 0-7153-1163-8.

Henderson, Carolyn (2002). New Books Sadd & amp; Tack (3rd ed.). New York: Sterling Publishing. ISBNÃ, 0-8069-8895-9.

src: www.limobits.com

External links

• http://cvm.msu.edu/research/research-centers/mcphail-equine-performance-center/publications-1/usdf-connection/USDF_Dec05.pdf
• http://cvm.msu.edu/research/research-centers/mcphail-equine-performance-center/publications-1/usdf-connection/USDF_May06_Clayton.pdf
• Article bit from Equestrian magazine
• Articles on usage and effects
• fluoroscopic study of snaffle
• Study fluoroscope
• http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7713352
• http://horseproblems.com.au/Bits/USDF_Dec05.pdf
• http://www.horse-journal.com/magazine-article/hilary-clayton-demystifies-bit-action/
• http://www.horse-canada.com/archives/trainers-talk-bits-hilary-clayton-on-bit-position/
• Photos/X-rays
• Bit Gallery

Source of the article : Wikipedia