A hammock (from Spanish hamaca , borrowed from Taino and Arawak hamaka ) is a sling made of cloth, rope, or net, hanging on between two or more points, used for swinging, sleeping, or resting. It usually consists of one or more fabric panels, or a woven web of yarn or thin straps strung with a string between two solid anchor points such as a tree or pole. The hammock was developed by Native Americans of Central and South America to sleep. Then, they are used on board by sailors to enable comfort and maximize available space, and by explorers or soldiers traveling in forest areas. Finally, in 1920, parents across North America used cloth hammocks to accommodate newly crawled infants. Today they are popular all over the world for relaxation; they are also used as light sleepers on camping trips. Hammocks are often seen as a symbol of summer, recreation, relaxation and simple, easy living.
Video Hammock
History
First contact in Europe
The Spanish colony records the use of hammocks by Native Americans, particularly in the West Indies, at the time of the Spanish conquest.
Columbus, in his first voyage narrative, said: "A lot of Indians in the canoe come to the ship today for the purpose of swapping their cotton, and hamacas , or nets, where they sleep."
This word comes from the word TaÃÆ'no culture Arawakan (Haiti) which means "cloth overlays" from the roots of Arawak -maka.
The early hammocks were woven from the bark of the tree, and then this material was replaced by sisal fibers because it was more abundant. One of the reasons why hammocks become popular in Central and South America is their ability to provide security from disease transmission, insect stings, or animal bites. By suspending their beds on the ground, the population is better protected from snakes, biting ants, and other dangerous creatures.
The origin of hammocks in America is often obscured in English-speaking sources from the late 18th century onwards. Samuel Johnson claims that the word hammock comes from Saxon. This etymology was immediately disproved, and then the source of the 19th century attributed this discovery to an Athenian politician, Alcibiades. This is inferred from Plutarch, who wrote that Alcibiades has a kitchen bed hanging from a rope, but does not specifically describe it as a net or sling. Some European sources mention the historical use of fabric as a train seat, but unlike ordinary beds.
Around 1590, hammocks were adopted for use in sailing vessels; The Royal Navy officially adopted a canvas hammock in 1597. On the ship, the hammocks were regularly used for sailors who slept on decks of warships, where limited space prevented the installation of a permanent bed. Because the hammocks are draped in motion along with the movement of the ship, the occupants are not at risk thrown onto the deck (which may be 5 or 6 feet below) when swollen or rough seas. Likewise, hammocks provide more comfortable sleep than beds or beds while at sea because sleep always stays balanced, regardless of the movement of the ship. Prior to the adoption of sea hammocks, sailors were often injured or even killed when they fell from their berths or rolled on the deck in the heavy seas. The side of a traditional marine canvas hammock wraps around sleeping like a cocoon, making accidental fallout almost impossible. Many sailors in the Royal Navy, during the 1950s at least, used a spreader - a piece of wood with a cut of V at each end to tie the second hammock rope on each side. The first rope is tied more tightly than the other so it lifts the protective lips on each side to hold the draft and prevent sleep being thrown out. Thin mattresses are also removed which protect the user from the cold from the bottom. In addition, sea hammocks can be rolled out tightly and stored in distant places or in nets along gunwale as additional protection during combat (as is the case during ages of sailing). Many sailors became so used to this way of sleep that they took their hammocks to shore with them on leave. The use of the naval hammocks continued into the 20th century. During World War II, troopships occasionally used hammocks for both naval and army rankings to increase available space and forces carrying capacity. Many recreational sailers even today prefer hammocks over the bed due to better comfort in sleeping while on the high seas.
The hammock has also been used on the spacecraft to utilize the available space when not sleeping or resting. During the Apollo program, the Lunar Module is equipped with a hammock for the commander and a lunar module pilot for sleeping among the moonwalk.
Mexican and Maya Hammocks
In Mexico, hammocks are made in villages around the capital of YucatÃÆ'¡n, MÃÆ' Â © rida, and sold throughout the world and locally. They are not part of the Classical Mayan civilization; they are said to have arrived at YucatÃÆ'¡n from the Caribbean less than two centuries before the Spanish conquest. In addition to bark and sisal, hammocks are built of various materials, including palm leaves. The quality of the original and modern hammocks depends greatly on the quality of the material, the yarn, and the number of threads used. The Maya hammocks are made with looms and woven by men, women and children. The hammock is so symbolically and culturally important for the Yucatis that even the humble house has a hammock on the wall.
El Salvador hammock
El Salvador is a major manufacturer and exporter of hammocks. The Valley where the City of San Salvador sits dubbed "The Valley of the Hammocks" because Native Americans use hammocks to "repel" a constant earthquake. Later, the colonizing Spaniards used the term as an allusion to an earthquake constantly shaking the valley like a hammock. The hammocks are a big part of Salvador culture and are often used for naps. It's socially acceptable to lie in a hammock all day in this Central American country. Hammocks swinging from the entrance, in the living room, on the veranda, in the outer courtyard, and from the trees, in all Salvador's social classes from the simplest country house to the city's most prestigious hotel chains. In rural El Salvador, a family home may have several hammocks hung in the main room, for use as a place to sit, as a bed, or as a baby sleeping swing. The municipality "Concepcion Quezaltepeque" celebrates its traditional Hammock Festival, where craftsmen produce and sell hammocks, each year between the first and second weekends of November.
Venezuelan hammock
In Venezuela, the whole village raises their families in a hammock. During the first part of the 20th century, many scientists, adventurers, geologists and other non-indigenous visitors to the forests of Central and South America soon adopted the design of hammocks in Venezuelan, which provided protection against scorpions and venomous snakes such as fer de spear . The difficult jungle environments in South America encountered by Western explorers soon spurred the further development of Venezia hammocks for use in other tropical environments.
The hammock panel in Venezuela is always made of breathable material, which is necessary to prevent fungal infections caused by constant rain and high humidity. Fine-woven sandfly netting is finally added to provide a more complete protection of mosquitoes, flies, and creeping insects, especially in areas known for malaria or screwworm infestations. Waterproof water sheets or buoys can be added to protect the occupants from the rain due to the heavy rain, along with drip string - short pieces of rope attached to the suspension line - to prevent rainwater from flowing from tree trunks down the rope of the hammock to the hammock itself. A breathable false cotton bottom panel is often added to the forest hammock, allowing air to pass through while still preventing mosquitoes from stirring to the occupants.
Jungle Hammock
The modified Venezuelan hammock, finally known as jungle hammock . Simply by wetting a suspension hammock with insecticides or insect repellents, hammocks even provide protection against crawling insects with mandibles that can bite holes through insect webs.
The United States Army finally adopted their own version of the forest hammock, complete with rain-resistant flies and sand nets for use by US and Allied forces in tropical forest areas such as Burma during World War II. Though initially reluctant to accept the idea of ​​his men sleeping in a hammock, the US Marine Corps then hired a forest hammock in New Britain and then a Pacific island campaign where heavy rains and insects were frequent; worries over injuries from machine guns and artillery fire were overcome by first digging a gaping trench, then swinging a hammock strap to suspend hammocks below ground level.
The US Navy's suspended bed during the Vietnam War, such as the Jungle Hammock M1966, was erroneously fitted with a waterproof bottom panel, which was often filled with water overnight. On the other hand, the Northern Vietnam Army (NVA) and Viet Cong (VC) regularly use a forest hammock made of parachute cloth and US parachute cloth. Depending on the forest path, the hammock keeps disease and illness occurring, which NVA commanders are generally considered to be a greater threat than bullet-fragile lesions caused by sleep on the ground.
Indian hammock
The ceiling mounted a hammock for a traditional baby to southern India. The textile used is a long 5 meter sari, long enough to be hung high, yet reaches low enough to be safe for toddlers. Lightweight materials allow sweat and cooling in the region's original hot climate.
Maps Hammock
Current
Usage
Currently there are various hammocks available. There are hammocks specially designed for backpacking and include mosquito nets along with pockets for night storage. There are hammocks made of thin and light materials that make them ideal for taking daytrips. Other hammocks include a stand alone metal or wooden structure that supports a hammock. Given that hammocks are generally the same length to accommodate the average height of an adult, most hammocks stand universally in design, typically featuring spreaders stretching across the ground, legs for stability at each end, and diagonal arms at each end to provide two hanging points. Although they usually buy premade, it is also possible to make your own hammock.
The current hammock
The hammock is very popular in the northeastern region of Brazil, but not just as a sleeping device: in the poorest areas sertÃÆ'Â £ o, if there is no funeral in the settlement, the hammock can be used to bring the dead to a place where there is one; also, they often serve as a low cost alternative to coffins. The painting inspired by Candido Portinari in 1944 was Entery na Rede ("burial in a hammock"). Traditionally, seafaring sailors are buried in the sea in their hammocks.
Medical research shows the gentle rocking movement of the hammock allows the user to fall asleep faster and sleep more soundly than the traditional stationary mat.
Style
Popular hammock styles today include bar spreaders, Maya, Brazil, navy, Nicaragua, Venezuelan (jungle), and hammock travel. Each style has its own characteristics and has its own advantages and disadvantages. Many hammocks are available in different colors, patterns, and sizes ranging from one person (250 - 350 pounds/110 - 160 kg) to two or three people (400 pounds - 600 pounds/180 - 270 kg). The general dimensions for unslung hammocks fall within the range between 3 '/0.9m to 14'/4.2m across and lengths of 6 '/1.8m to 11'/3.3m.
The bar-bearing bed is easily recognizable with wood or metal trunks on the head and legs of the hammocks, spreading in width and allowing easy access for regular use, such as in the backyard. Unfortunately, the scattering rod also makes the hammocks unstable due to metacenter hammocks while sleeping very high. This style is generally considered less stable and less comfortable to sleep than other styles. Part of this style is a single-spreader hammock, which uses spreader blades on only one end and is much more stable. Variations from a single spreader hammock bar have three attachment points, one at each corner of the spreader bar and one at the end of the non-spreading bar and can hardly be ignored.
While the various styles of hammocks available today are similar in shape, they differ significantly in materials, purposes, and construction.
The Mayan and Nicaraguan hammocks are made of cotton or nylon threads that are woven to form a supportive net. The Mayan Hammock has a looser weave than a Nicaraguan hammock, and the support of a "bed" hammock depends on the number of strings and the quality of the weave.
Brazilian-made hammocks are made of cotton fabrics and are usually more durable than ropes. While the Mayan and Nicaraguan hammocks are considered by some to have the potential to be more comfortable, the comfort of a Brazilian hammock is less dependent on its construction and therefore less likely to vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.
Naval hammocks are usually made of strong canvas or cotton. They are meant to be durable and stand up well the difficulty of using the ship. They are usually simple and unfounded but powerful.
Venezuelan hammocks or forests made today are generally made of nylon or polyester breathable, and use a similar non-stretch dacron or suspension line. They are "inline" hammocks; like an old canvas naval hammock, occupants sleeping along hammocks, not on it. With their fake breath ass, drip strings, sandfly netting, and optional rainfly, they are one of the safest hammocks against not only the entry of water, but also the sting or insect bites.
Popular hiking or camping trips in between leave no traces and ultra-light campers, pedestrians, and sailing enthusiasts to reduce their impact on the environment and their relief and lack of bulk compared to the tents. They are usually made of sturdy nylon parachute fabric that can use the ripstop technique to increase endurance. Some hammocks have mosquito nets and storage areas. Some types offer ridgeline to make arrangements easier, and may also include a gap to enter through the bottom of the hammock. A special woven cord (called "tree lumberer") is used to coiled around a tree to create an attachment point for a hammock.
Set up and use
For non-stylish bar-spreaders, the way in which they are hung is essential for comfort. Generally, the higher attachment point is preferred and the spacing between points is sufficient, although these two dimensions can be adjusted to compensate for deficiencies in one or the other. The optimal angle of the mounting line to the post/wall/tree is usually about 30 degrees. The hammock can be affixed to the anchor point using a variety of suspension systems, including straps and woven ropes.
Although a person can lie in a long or extended hammock, most hammocks are best used in diagonal positions, as they provide the most space and support. Users with back and joint pain often report some relief from this problem while sleeping in a hammock this way.
Gallery
See also
- Cresson Kearny
- Camping hammock
- Swing (seat)
- Mothership Space Net Penthouse
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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