The Canadian economy is a highly developed mixed economy with the 10th largest nominal GDP and the 17th largest GDP by PPP in the world. Like other developed countries, the state economy is dominated by the service industry, which employs about three quarters of Canada. Canada has the fourth highest total natural resource value of US $ 33.2 trillion by 2016. Canada has the world's third largest oil reserves and is the fourth largest oil exporter. It is also the fourth largest natural gas exporter. Canada is considered an "energy superpower" because of its abundant natural resources and a small population.
Canada is unusual among developed countries in the importance of the primary sector, with logging and the oil industry being two of Canada's most important. Canada also has a sizable manufacturing sector, based in Central Canada, with the automotive industry and the aircraft industry becoming very important. With the longest coastline in the world, Canada has the world's 8th largest commercial fishing and seafood industry. Canada is one of the global leaders of the entertainment software industry. It is a member of APEC, NAFTA, G7, G20, OECD, and WTO.
Video Economy of Canada
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With the exception of several island states in the Caribbean, Canada is the only major parliamentary democracy in the western hemisphere. As a result, Canada has developed its own social and political institutions, different from most other countries in the world. Although the Canadian economy is closely integrated with the American economy, it has developed a unique economic institution.
The Canadian economic system generally combines elements of private companies and public companies. Many aspects of public corporations, particularly the development of an extensive social welfare system to improve social and economic injustice, were adopted after the end of World War II in 1945.
Canada has a private property ratio (Crown) of 60:40 and one of the highest levels of economic freedom in the world. Today Canada is very similar to the US in a market-oriented economic system and pattern of production. By 2017, Canada has 58 companies on the Forbes Global 2000 list, ranked seventh behind France and ahead of India.
International trade forms most of Canada's economy, especially its natural resources. In 2009, agriculture, energy, forestry and mining exports accounted for about 58% of Canada's total exports. Machinery, equipment, automotive products and other manufacturing accounts for 38% more than exports in 2009. In 2009, exports accounted for about 30% of Canadian GDP. The United States is by far its largest trading partner, accounting for about 73% of exports and 63% of imports in 2009. Canadian exports and imports were ranked 8th among all countries in 2006.
About 4% of Canadians are directly employed in key resource areas, and they account for 6.2% of GDP. They are still important in many parts of the country. Many, if not most, cities in northern Canada, where farming is difficult, exist because of mines or sources of timber nearby. Canada is a world leader in the production of many natural resources such as gold, nickel, uranium, diamonds, tin, and in recent years, crude oil, which, with the world's second largest oil reserves, takes an increasingly prominent position in resource extraction. Some of Canada's largest companies are based in the natural resource industry, such as Encana, Cameco, Goldcorp, and Barrick Gold. Most of these products are exported, mainly to the United States. There are also many secondary industries and services that are directly related to the main ones. For example, one of Canada's largest manufacturing industries is the pulp and paper sector, which is directly linked to the logging business.
Dependence on natural resources has some effects on Canadian and Canadian economies. While manufacturing and service industries are easily standardized, natural resources vary widely by region. This ensures that different economic structures develop in every region of Canada, contributing to Canada's strong regionalism. At the same time most of these resources are exported, integrating Canada into the international economy. Howlett and Ramesh argue that the instability inherent in such industries also contributes to greater government intervention in the economy, to reduce the social impact of market changes.
The natural resource industry also raises important questions about sustainability. Despite several decades as a leading manufacturer, there is little risk of depletion. Major discoveries continue, such as the massive nickel findings in Voisey's Bay. In addition, the northern tip is largely undeveloped as producers wait for higher prices or new technologies as many operations in the region have not been cost-effective. In the last few decades, Canadians have become less receptive to environmental destruction associated with the use of natural resources. High wages and Aboriginal land claims have also curbed the expansion. Instead many Canadian companies have focused their exploration, exploitation and expansion abroad where prices are lower and governments are more receptive. Canadian companies are increasingly playing an important role in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa.
The depletion of renewable resources has raised concerns in recent years. After decades of increasing the excessive use of cod, all of the fish collapsed in the 1990s, and the Pacific salmon industry is also suffering greatly. The logging industry, after years of activism, has in recent years shifted to a more sustainable model, or to other countries.
Unemployment rate
Maps Economy of Canada
Measuring productivity
The measure of productivity is a key indicator of economic performance and the main source of economic growth and competitiveness. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Summary of Productivity Indicators , published annually, presents a broad overview of productivity and growth levels in member countries, highlighting key measurement issues. It analyzes the role of "productivity as a key driver of economic growth and convergence" and "the contribution of labor, capital and MFP in promoting economic growth". According to the above definition "MFP is often defined as a contribution to economic growth created by factors such as technical innovation and organization" (OECD 2008, 11). Measures of productivity include Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (OECD 2008,11) and multifactor productivity.
Gross Domestic Product (PDB)
The OECD provides data eg comparing the level of labor productivity in the total economy of each member country. In their 2012 report, Canadian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is $ CDN 1,773,763,000,000.
In the IMF's quarterly IMF World Economic Outlook (IMF) released in April 2015, the IMF estimates that Canada's real gross domestic product (GDP) will grow 2.2 percent. In the July World Economic Outlook, the IMF estimates that Canada's real GDP will grow by 1.5 percent by 2015.
According to real estate accounts CTV News for half of all GDP growth.
Multifactor productivity (MFP)
Another measure of productivity, used by the OECD, is a long-term trend in multifactor productivity (MFP) also known as total productivity factor (TFP). This indicator assesses the "underlying productive capacity" (potential output) of the economy, itself is an important measure of the possibility of economic growth and inflationary pressures. "The MFP measures residual growth unexplained by the rate of change in labor services, capital and intermediate outcomes, and is often interpreted as contributing to economic growth created by factors such as technical and organizational innovation (OECD 2008, 11)
According to the Canadian OECD annual economic survey in June 2012, Canada has experienced weak growth from multi-factor productivity (MFP) and has declined further since 2002. One way MFP growth is enhanced is to increase innovation and Canadian innovation indicators such as R & amp; D and poor patent level. Increasing MFP growth is "necessary to maintain an improved standard of living, especially as the population ages".
Bank of Canada
Inflation targeting
The Bank of Canada, the federal crown company, has the responsibility of the Canadian monetary system. During that period John Crow was Governor of the Bank of Canada - 1987 to 1994 - there was a worldwide recession and the bank rate rose to about 14% and the unemployment rate reached 11%. In 1991, with Prime Minister Brian Mulroney in office, the federal government and Bank of Canada announced a new inflation-targeting monetary policy that has been the cornerstone of Canada's monetary and fiscal policy ever since. Although since then inflation targeting has been adopted by "the most advanced central banks", in 1991 it was innovative and Canada was an early adopter when Finance Minister Michael Wilson approved the Bank of Canada's first inflation targeting in the federal Budget 1991. The inflation target was set at 2 percent, which is the midpoint of the inflation range of 1 to 3 percent. They set a series of inflation reduction targets to keep inflation "low, stable and predictable" and to cultivate "trust in money value", contributing to Canada's continued growth, employment growth and improved living standards. Inflation is measured by the total consumer price index (CPI). In 2011, the Canadian and Canadian Banks extended their Canadian inflation control targets by December 31, 2016. Bank Canada used three unconventional instruments to achieve its inflation target: "conditional statements about the upcoming policy path", quantitative easing and credit easing.
As a result, interest rates and inflation eventually fell with the value of the Canadian dollar. From 1991 to 2011, the inflation targeting regime maintains "reasonably priced gains".
Following the 2007-08 financial crisis, a narrow focus on inflation targeting as a means of providing stable growth in the Canadian economy is questionable. In 2011, the Governor of Bank of Canada at the time Mark Carney argued that the central bank's mandate would allow more flexible inflation targeting in certain situations where it would consider taking longer "than usual six to eight quarters to return inflation to 2 per cent".
The central bank - Bank of Canada - issued a rate announcement through the Monetary Policy Report released eight times a year. On July 15, 2015, the Bank of Canada announced it was lowering its target for overnight rates by a quarter percentage point to another quarter, to 0.5 percent "to try to stimulate an economy that seems to have failed to recover meaningfully from the shocking oil woes that dragged it into decline in the first quarter ". According to the Bank of Canada's announcement, in the first quarter of 2015, the total inflation of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) was around 1 percent. This reflects a "decline in year-over-year prices for consumer energy products". Core inflation in the first quarter of 2015 is about 2 percent with an underlying trend of inflation around 1.5 to 1.7 percent.
In response to the Bank of Canada interest rate adjustment on July 15, 2015, Prime Minister Stephen Harper explained that the economy was "dragged by forces outside Canada's borders such as global oil prices, Europe's debt crisis and the slowdown in China's economy" which has made the global economy "fragile".
China's stock market has lost about $ 3 trillion in wealth in July 2015 when investors frantically sold shares, which created a decline in commodity markets, which in turn had a negative impact on resource-producing countries such as Canada.
The Bank's main priority is to keep inflation at a moderate level. As part of the strategy, interest rates are maintained at a low level for almost seven years. Since September 2010, the main interest rate (overnight rate) is 0.5%. In mid-2017, inflation remained below the Bank's 2% target, (at 1.6%) mainly due to lower energy, food and auto costs; also, the economy continues to move with a predicted GDP growth of 2.8 percent by year's end. On July 12, 2017, the bank issued a statement that the benchmark interest rate would rise to 0.75%. "The economy can deal well with the steps we have today and of course you need to give that introduction with the recognition that interest rates are of course still very low," said Governor Stephen Poloz. In a press release, the bank has confirmed that interest rates will continue to be evaluated at least partly on the basis of inflation. "Future adjustments to targets for overnight tariffs will be guided by incoming data as they inform the prospects of bank inflation, while continuing with the uncertainty and vulnerability of the financial system." Poloz refused to speculate about the future of the economy but said, "I do not doubt that interest rates will move higher, but there is no way determined in the mind at this stage".
Primary industry
By 2016, the Canadian economy has the following relative weight by industry, as a percentage of GDP:
- 13.04 Real estate and rentals and rentals
- 10.36 Manufacturing
- 08.14 Mining, extracting and extracting oil or gas
- 07.10 Finance and insurance
- 06.69 Health care and social assistance
- 06.33 Public administration
- 05.66 Wholesale trade
- 05.52 Professional scientific and technical services
- 05.41 Retail trade
- 05.28 Education services
- 04.44 Transportation and warehousing
- 03.11 Information and cultural industries
- 02.55 Administration and support, waste management and remediation services
- 02.27 Utilities
- 02.17 Accommodation and food service
- 01.93 Other services (except public administration)
- 01.65 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
- 00,77 Art, entertainment and recreation
- 00.67 Enterprise and enterprise management
Service sector
The service sector in Canada is vast and diverse, employing about three quarters of Canada and accounting for 70% of GDP. The largest company is the retail sector, employing nearly 12% of Canadians. The retail industry is mainly concentrated in a small number of chain stores that gather in malls. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of big-box stores, such as Wal-Mart (from the United States), Real Canada Superstore, and Best Buy (from the United States). This has caused fewer workers in this sector and the migration of retail jobs to the suburbs. The second largest part of the service sector is business services and employs only a slightly smaller percentage of the population. These include the financial services industry, real estate, and communications. This part of the economy has grown tremendously in recent years. These are largely concentrated in major urban centers, especially Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver (see Banking in Canada).
The education and health sector is the two largest in Canada, but both are largely under government influence. The health care industry has grown rapidly, and is the third largest in Canada. Its rapid growth has caused problems for governments that have to earn money to fund it.
Canada has an important high-tech industry, and the burgeoning film, television and entertainment industries create content for local and international consumption (see Media in Canada). Tourism is increasingly important, with most international visitors coming from the United States. Casino games are currently the fastest growing component of the Canadian tourism industry, contributing $ 5 billion in profits to the Canadian government and employing 41,000 Canadians in 2001.
Manufacturing
The general pattern of development for rich countries is the transition from a primary industry-based economy to an industry-based manufacturing, and then to a service-based economy. Canada did not escape this pattern - at its peak (peak of World War II) in 1944, manufacturing accounted for 29% of GDP, declining to 15.6% in 2005. Canada has never suffered as much as other rich and developed countries from pain from the relative decline in the importance of manufacturing since the 1960s. A 2009 study by Statistics Canada also found that, while manufacturing declined as a relative percentage of GDP from 24.3% in 1960 to 15.6% in 2005, manufacturing volumes between 1961 and 2005 continued to race against overall growth in the volume index GDP. Manufacturing in Canada was hard hit by the 2007-08 financial crisis. In 2010, manufacturing accounted for 13% of Canadian GDP, a relative decline of more than 2% of GDP since 2005.
Central Canada is home to a branch of plants for all major American and Japanese car makers and parts factories owned by Canadian companies such as Magna International and Linamar Corporation.
Energy
Canada is one of the few developed countries that are net energy exporters - in 2009 net energy product exports of 2.9% of GDP. Most important are the large oil and gas resources centered in Alberta and the Northern Territory, but also in neighboring countries, British Columbia and Saskatchewan. The vast Athabasca oil sands give Canada the world's third largest oil reserve after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela according to the USGS. In British Columbia and Quebec, as well as Ontario, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and the Labrador region, hydroelectric power is a cheap and relatively environmentally friendly energy source. Partly because of this, Canada is also one of the highest energy consumers per capita in the world. Inexpensive energy has enabled the creation of several important industries, such as the large aluminum industry in British Columbia and Quebec.
Historically, an important issue in Canadian politics has been the interplay between the oil and energy industries in Western Canada and South Ontario's industrial center. Foreign investment in Western oil projects has pushed up the Canadian dollar. This has raised the prices of Ontario's manufacturing exports and made them less competitive, a problem similar to the decline in the manufacturing sector in the Netherlands. Also, Ontario has relatively fewer native resources. However, it is cheaper for Alberta to send its oil to the western United States than to eastern Canada. The eastern Canadian harbor thus imports large quantities of oil from abroad, and Ontario makes significant use of nuclear power.
The National Energy Policy in the early 1980s tried to force Alberta to sell cheap oil to eastern Canada. This policy proved to be very divisive, and quickly lost its interest when oil prices fell in the mid-1980s. One of the most controversial parts of the 1988 Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement is the promise that Canada will never burden the United States more for energy than its Canadian counterparts.
Agriculture
Canada is also one of the largest suppliers of agricultural products in the world, especially wheat and other grains. Canada is a major exporter of agricultural products, to the United States and Asia. As with all other developed countries, the proportion of population and GDP devoted to agriculture fell dramatically during the 20th century.
As with other developed countries, the Canadian agricultural industry receives significant subsidies and government support. However, Canada has been a strong supporter to reduce the influence of the subsidized market through the World Trade Organization. In 2000, Canada spent around $ 4.6 billion CDN to support the industry. Of this amount, $ 2.32 billion is classified under the designation of the WTO "green box support", which means it does not directly affect the market, such as money for research or disaster relief. All but $ 848.2 million are subsidies that are worth less than 5% of the harvested value provided to them.
Free trade agreement
A free trade agreement in force
- Canada-US. Free Trade Agreement (signed October 12, 1987, entered into force January 1, 1989, then replaced by NAFTA)
- Free Trade Agreement of North America (Effective January 1, 1994, including Canada, US and Mexico)
- The Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement (Effective January 1, 1997, sustainable modernization)
- Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement (Commencing on 5 July 1997)
- Canada-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement (Commencing November 1, 2002, sustainable modernization)
- Free Trade Agreement of the European-Canadian Free Trade Association (Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein, entering into force 01-Jul-2009)
- Canada-Peru Free Trade Agreement (effective August 1, 2009)
- The Canada-Colombia Free Trade Agreement (signed 21 November 2008, entered into force August 15, 2011) The ratification of Canada over the FTA has been subject to Colombian ratification of the "Agreement on the Annual Report on Human Rights and Free Trade between Canada and the Republic of Colombia" signed on May 27, 2010)
- Canada-Jordan Free Trade Agreement (Signed June 28, 2009, effective October 1, 2012)
- The Canada-Panama Free Trade Agreement (signed May 14, 2010, effective April 1, 2013)
- Canada-South Free Trade Agreement (Signed on March 11, 2014, entered into force January 1, 2015)
A free trade agreement is concluded
- Trans-Pacific Partnership (completed October 5, 2015)
- Canadian-Ukrainian Free Trade Agreement (concluded July 14, 2015)
- Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (concluded August 5, 2014)
Ongoing free trade agreement negotiations
Canada is negotiating bilateral FTAs ​​with the following countries and trade blocs:
- Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
- Guatemala, Nicaragua, and El Salvador
- Dominican Republic
- India
- Japan
- Morocco
- Singapore
- The Andean Community (FTA is already in force with Peru and Colombia)
Canada has been involved in negotiations to create the following regional trade blocks:
- Canada-Central Free Trade Agreement
- American Free Trade Area (FTAA)
Political issues
Relationship with the US.
Canada and the United States share mutual trade relations. The Canadian job market continues to perform well along with the US, reaching its lowest level of 30 years in the unemployment rate in December 2006, after 14 consecutive years of job growth.
The United States is Canada's largest trading partner, with more than $ 1.7 billion of CAD in trading per day in 2005. In 2009, 73% of Canadian exports went to the United States, and 63% of Canadian imports came from the United States. Trade with Canada accounts for 23% of US exports and 17% of imports. By comparison, in 2005 this was more than US trade with all countries in the EU combined, and more than twice the US trade with all Latin American countries combined. The two-way trade that crosses the Ambassador Bridge between Michigan and Ontario equals all US exports to Japan. Canada's importance to the United States is not just a border state phenomenon: Canada is a major export market for 35 of the 50 US states, and is the largest foreign energy supplier of the United States.
Bilateral trade increased 52% between 1989, when the US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) came into force, and 1994, when the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) replaced it. Trading has increased by 40%. NAFTA continues the FTA move towards reducing trade barriers and establishing agreed trade rules. He also resolved some bilateral irritations and liberalized the rules in several areas, including agriculture, services, energy, financial services, investment, and government procurement. NAFTA forms the world's largest trading area, embracing 405 million people from three North American countries.
The largest component of US-Canadian trade is in the commodity sector.
The US is Canada's largest agricultural export market, taking up more than half of all Canadian food exports. Almost two thirds of Canadian forest products, including pulp and paper, are exported to the United States; 72% of Canada's total production of newspapers is also exported to the US.
At $ 73.6 billion in 2004, US-Canada's energy trade is the largest US energy trade relationship, with a majority ($ 66.7 billion) in exports from Canada. The main components of US energy trade with Canada are petroleum, natural gas, and electricity. Canada is the largest oil supplier of the United States and the fifth largest energy-producing country in the world. Canada provides about 16% of US oil imports and 14% of total US natural gas consumption. The national electricity network of the United States and Canada is connected, and both countries share hydroelectric facilities on the western border.
While most US-Canadian trade flows smoothly, there are sometimes bilateral trade disputes, particularly in agriculture and culture. Usually these issues are resolved through bilateral consultation forums or referrals to the World Trade Organization (WTO) or NAFTA dispute resolution. In May 1999, the US and Canadian governments negotiated an agreement on magazines that provided increased access for the US publishing industry to the Canadian market. The United States and Canada have also resolved several major issues involving fisheries. By mutual agreement, the two countries filed the Maine Gulf border dispute to the International Court of Justice in 1981; both received a court ruling of October 12, 1984, which demarcated the territorial sea border. The current issue between the United States and Canada is the ongoing softwood dispute, as the US alleges that Canada unfairly subsidizes its forest industry.
In 1990, the United States and Canada signed a bilateral Fishing Arrangement Agreement, which has served to prevent illegal fishing activities and reduce the risk of injury during fishing incidents. The US and Canada signed the Pacific Salmon Agreement in June 1999 that settled the differences on the application of the 1985 Salmon Pacific Agreement for the next decade.
Canada and the United States signed a flight agreement during Bill Clinton's visit to Canada in February 1995, and air traffic between the two countries has increased dramatically as a result. Both countries also share in the operation of St. Lawrence Seaway, connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.
The US is Canada's largest foreign investor and the most popular destination for Canadian foreign investment; at the end of 2007, US direct investment inventory in Canada was estimated at $ 293 billion, while Canadian direct investment (share) in the United States was worth $ 213 billion. US FDI accounts for 59.5% of total foreign direct investment in Canada while Canadian FDI in the US accounts for 10% (5th largest foreign investor). US investments are primarily directed at the Canadian mining and smelting industry, petroleum, chemicals, machinery and transportation equipment, and finance, while Canadian investment in the United States is concentrated in manufacturing, wholesale trade, real estate, petroleum, finance, and insurance and other services.
Debt issues
Central Government Debt
The OECD reports the Central Government Debt as a percentage of GDP. In 2000 Canada was 40.9 percent, in 2007 25.2 percent, in 2008 28.6 percent and in 2010 was 36.1 percent. The OECD reports the measurement of net financial liabilities used by the OECD, reporting the net amount at 25.2%, in 2008, making the total burden of Canadian government debt the lowest at G8. The gross figure is 68% in 2011.
The CIA World Factbook, updated weekly, measures financial liabilities by using gross public debt, compared to the net federal debt used by the OECD and the Canadian federal government. Gross public government debt includes "intragemerintah debt and public entity debt at the sub-national level". For example, the CIA measures Canadian public debt as 84.1% of GDP in 2012 and 87.4% of GDP in 2011 makes it 22 in the world.
Household Debt
In March 2015 the International Monetary Fund reported that Canada's high household debt was one of two vulnerable domestic regions in the Canadian economy; the second is the overheated housing market.
According to a July 2015 report by Laura Cooper, an economist with RBC - Canada's largest financial institution - "outstanding household credit balance" has reached $ 1.83 trillion. Canada's household credit growth has peaked in 2009 and has plummeted to the lowest cycle by the end of 2013. There is a rapid growth rate of household debt in December 2012 and others in April and May 2015.
Household debt in 2013
According to the third annual August 2013 Ipsos Reid Debt Poll only 24 percent of Canadians are debt free in 2013 compared to 26 percent in 2012. The average personal non-mortgage debt in 2013 is $ 15,920 up from $ 13,141 in 2012. According to the IPSOS Graph produced in 2013 the debt rate increased "surprisingly 35 percent" in Western Canada compared to 10 percent in Eastern Canada since 2012 even before the Alberta flood. In Alberta in 2013, household debt rose 63 percent to $ 24,271 per household from 2012 after the flood of Alberta 2013. In 2013, the average personal debt burden in British Columbia "rose 38 percent to $ 15,549"; in "Manitoba and Saskatchewan, up 32 percent to $ 16,145"; in Ontario, "up 13 percent to $ 17,416", in Quebec up "3 percent to $ 10,458"; and in Atlantic Canada, "up 12 percent to $ 15,243".
Household debt in 2014
Statistics Canada announced in December 2014 that the ratio of debt to Canadian household incomes "hit record highs in the third quarter of 2014, rising to 162.6 percent from 161.5 percent in the second quarter". But "household assets and net worth rose much faster than debt", with a net national net worth of C $ 8.12 trillion in the third quarter of 2014, up 2.8 percent from the second quarter. Also through the Bank of Canada inflation targeting policy, low interest rates increase the ability of households to serve their debts. "The debt repayment ratio, or interest paid as a proportion of disposable income, fell to a record low of 6.8 percent in the third quarter."
Household debt in 2015
In 2015, according to The Globe and Mail , "The total debt held by all Canadians by the end of March 2015 is a record $ 1.8 trillion with a mortgage debt of $ 1.29 trillion."
According to Philip Cross of the Fraser Institute, in May 2015, while the ratio of debt to Canadian household incomes is similar to that in the United States, but borrowing standards in Canada are tighter than in the United States to protect against high risk. the borrower takes on unsustainable debt.
Household debt, the amount of money held by all adults in households owes financial institutions, including consumer debt and mortgage lending. Paul Krugman argues that in 2007 household debt in the United States, before the financial crisis, has reached 130 percent of household income. Krugman distinguishes between the total domestic non-financial debt (public and private) relative to GDP, ie "money we have for ourselves" and net foreign debt. Statistics Canada reported in March 2013 that "credit market debt such as mortgages rose to 165% of disposable income, compared with 164.7% in the previous three-month period" in 2013 According to the IMF in 2012, "mortgage-related mortgages about 70 percent of gross domestic debt in developed countries, with the rest mainly consisting of credit card debt and car loans. "
Royal Bank of Canada 2016 Report
As shown in the table below - based on the RBC Economic and Financial Market Outlook of March 11, 2016 - in Canada in 2015 - while business investment declines - consumption, housing and government spending along with net exports contribute to real GDP rising at a pace of 1.2 % below the standard. By December 2015, export volumes reached $ 1.2 billion - the sixth time since 2010 with growing sales with significant evidence that the Canadian economy is transitioning. In November and December 2015, with the weakening Canadian dollar, manufacturing and export sales increased and employment increased. Loss of construction, mining, oil and gas jobs is exchanged for profit in the services sector.
Between early December 2015 and mid-January, oil prices unexpectedly fell 24%. RBC economists argue that fear is not fundamental which causes a shift in financial conditions. Risk-averse investors to contribute to a global double-digit decline in the first six weeks of 2016. In Canada, the US, UK and Euro-area results in long-term government bonds reached an all-time. Due to the volatility of financial markets continued in March 2016, the Bank of Canada and Bank of England kept their policy rates at 0.5%.
Mergers and Acquisitions
Since 1985 63,755 transactions inside and outside Canada have been announced. It accumulates to an overall value of 3700.5 billion. USD.. Nearly 50% of the target Canadian company (overseas offer) has a parent company in the US. Incoming transactions are 82% percent of US.
Here's a list of the biggest deals in Canadian history:
See also
- Canada's Global Market Action Plan
- Comparison of Canadian and American economies
- The Economics of Alberta
- The Ontario economy
- Quebec Economy
- Saskatchewan Economy
- Canadian free trade agreement
- The history of the oil industry in Canada
- List of average urban household income in Canada
- List of Commonwealth countries by GDP
- List of Canadian provinces and territories based on gross domestic product
- List of companies in Canada
- Taxation in Canada
- Trans-Pacific Partnership
- Transport in Canada
- Tourism in Canada
Note
References
Further reading
External links
- Statistics Canada
- The Canadian Department of Finance
- Bank of Canada
- Canada - OECD
- Canadian profile at CIA World Factbook
- Canadian profile at The World Bank
- Canadian Export and Import
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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