The anal stage is the second stage in the psychosexual development theory of Sigmund Freud, which runs from the age of 18 months to three years. According to Freud, the anus is a primary sexual sensitivity zone and pleasure comes from controlling the motion of the bladder and the intestine. The main conflict issue during this stage is toilet training. Fixation at this stage can produce too rigid or overly rigid personalities.
According to Freud's theory, personality develops through a series of stages of childhood. These stages are focused on sensitive areas. Freud believes in libido, which he calls psychosexual energy. For Freud, libido is the driving force behind all human behavior.
To obtain a healthy personality later in adulthood all these stages must be completed successfully. If the problem is not solved in this stage then fixation will occur resulting in an unhealthy personality.
Video Anal stage
Generally
The anal stage, in Freudian psychology, is a period of human development that occurs in about one to three years. Around this age, the child begins to train the toilet, which brings the child's attraction in the sexual sensitive zone of the anus. The sensitive zone is focused on intestinal and bladder controls. Therefore, Freud believed that libido is primarily focused on controlling the motion of the bladder and the intestine. Anal stages coincide with the start of a child's ability to control their anal sphincter, and therefore their ability to excrete or retain feces as they please. If children during this stage can overcome the conflict it will result in a sense of accomplishment and independence.
Maps Anal stage
Conflict
This is the second stage of Freud's psychosexual stage. This stage is a conflict with the id, ego, and superego. The child is approached by this conflict with the demands of the parents. Successful completion of this stage depends on how parents interact with children during toilet training. If parents praise the child and reward them for using the toilet properly and at the right time then the child will make it through the stage. However, if a parent mocks and punishes a child while he is at this stage, the child may respond in a negative way.
Parent role
As mentioned earlier, the ability of children to succeed in this stage is entirely dependent on their parents and the approach they use for toilet training. Freud believed that parents should promote the use of toilet training with praise and appreciation. The use of positive reinforcement after using the toilet at the right time encourages positive results. This will help strengthen the feeling that the child is able to control their bladder. Parents help make the outcome of this stage a positive experience that will in turn lead to competent, productive, and creative adults. This stage is also important in the future relationship of the child with authority.
According to Freud's Psychosexual Theory, parents should be very careful in the way they react to their children during this sensitive stage. During this stage, children test their parents, authoritative figures, about how much power they have compared to how much space the child has to make their own decisions.
Anal-incentive personality
Negative reactions from their parents, such as early or rough toilet training, may lead the child to become an anal retention personality. If the parents try to force the child to learn to control the bowel movements, the child can react by deliberately holding back the rebellion. They will form into adults who hate chaos, obsessively neat, punctual, and respectful of authority. These adults are sometimes stubborn and very careful with their money.
Anal-expulsive personality
The opposite of this adult is an adult who likes to exhale. Such adults undergo liberal toilet training as opposed to the above reaction. These adults, as children, are usually relieved at inappropriate times. As children, they pollute their pants whenever they like to rebel against the use of toilets. They do not like to be told how and when they should use the toilet. These adults will want to share things with their peers and give everything. Sometimes they can become messy, disorganized, and rebellious. They will also be reckless from the feelings of others.
However, a child who has successfully completed this stage will be characterized as having used appropriate toilet training techniques for years of toilet training and will successfully progress to the next phase of Freud's psychosexual development. Although the anal stage seems to be about proper toilet training, it is also about controlling behavior and encouragement. A child needs to learn certain limitations when he is young so in the future there will be no opposition to what is beyond the limit.
Related cognitive psychology
According to the field of cognitive psychology, Freud's anal stage falls into the category of internal mental state. This internal mental state refers to beliefs, ideas, motivations, and knowledge. Freud spins the base from his stages around these main ideas as well. The result of whether a child completes this stage successfully or becomes glued has much to do with the child's knowledge of his past with their toilet training experience, the motivation he receives from parents during the stage and the belief of the child himself. how they should react to the situation. Cognitive psychology also focuses on and studies how people perceive, remember, and learn about their environment, environment, and experiences. These are the three main reasons why a child will become anal-retentive or anal-expulsive after childhood.
See also
- Psychosexual development
- Oral stages
- Phallic stage
- Latency stage
- Genital stage
References
External links
- Laplanche, Jean; Pontalis, Jean-Bertrand (1973). "Anal-Sadistic stage (or Phase) (pp. 35-6)". Language Psycho-analysis . London: Karnac Books. ISBN: 0-946-43949-4; ISBN 978-0-94-643949-2.
- Freud's Psychosexual Stage
- Felluga, Dino. "Module on Freud: On Psychosexual Development". Introduction to Critical Theory . West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University University of Fine Arts.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments