Listerine is a brand of antiseptic mouthwash product. It was promoted with the slogan "Killing germs that cause bad breath". Named after Joseph Lister, pioneer of antiseptic surgery, Listerine was developed in 1879 by Joseph Lawrence, a chemist at St. Louis, Missouri.
Originally marketed by Lambert Pharmacal Company (later Warner-Lambert), Listerine has been produced and distributed by Johnson & amp; Johnson since the acquisition of Pfizer's consumer health division at the end of December 2006.
Listerine brand names are also used in toothpaste, Listerine Whitening Rinse, Listerine Fluoride Rinse (Listerine Tooth Defense), Listerine SmartRinse (children fluoride rinse), PocketPaks, and PocketMist. In September 2007, Listerine began selling its own brand of teeth whitening.
Video Listerine
Histori
Inspired by Louis Pasteur's idea of ​​microbial infection, British physician Joseph Lister pointed out in 1865 that the use of carbolic acid in surgical dressings would significantly reduce the rate of post-surgical infection. Lister's work in turn inspired doctors based at St. Louis, Joseph Lawrence to develop an alcohol-based formula for surgical antiseptics that includes eucalyptol, menthol, methyl salicylate, and thymol (The exact composition is commercial secret). Lawrence named his "Listerine" antiseptic in honor of Lister.
Lawrence hopes to promote the use of Listerine as a common disinfectant as well as surgical antiseptic, and licensed it to a local pharmacist named Jordan Wheat Lambert in 1881. Lambert then started the Lambert Pharmacal Company, Listerine marketing. Listerine was promoted to a dentist for oral care in 1895 and was the first over-the-counter mouthwash sold in the United States, in 1914. Being widely known and entering the use of a common household after Jordan Wheat Lambert's son Gerard Lambert joined companies and promoted aggressive marketing campaigns.
Menurut buku Steven D. Levitt dan Stephen J. Dubner Freakonomics :
Listerine, for example, was discovered in the nineteenth century as a strong surgical antiseptic. It was then sold, in the form of a flute, both as a floor cleaner and a medicine for gonorrhea. But it was not an escaping success until the 1920s, when it pitched as a solution to "chronic halitosis" - a medical term that was later unclear for bad breath. Listerine's new ads featured by women and young men, eager to get married but turned off by their partner's bad breath. "Can I be happy with her even so that ?" a girl asks herself. Until then, bad breath is not conventionally considered a disaster. But Listerine changed that. As an ad scholar, James B. Twitchell writes, "Listerine does not make mouthwash as much as halitosis." In just seven years, corporate earnings rose from $ 115,000 to over $ 8 million.
In 1955, Lambert Pharmacal joined Warner-Hudnut, based in New York and became Warner-Lambert Pharmaceutical Company and incorporated in Delaware with its corporate headquarters in Morris Plains, New Jersey. In 2000, Pfizer acquired Warner-Lambert. Among Lambert's assets is the original land for Lambert-St. Louis International Airport.
From 1921 to the mid-1970s, Listerine was also marketed as a prevention and treatment for colds and sore throats. In 1976, the Federal Trade Commission ruled that this claim was misleading, and that Listerine "lacked efficacy" to prevent or reduce the symptoms of sore throat and colds. Warner-Lambert was ordered to stop making claims, and inserted a $ 10.2 million Listerine ad specifically mentioning that "Listerine will not help prevent colds or sore throats or reduce its severity." Ads run by Listerine add the opening words "contrary to previous ads".
For a short time, starting in 1927, Lambert Pharmaceutical Company marketed Listerine Cigarettes.
From the 1930s to the 1950s, ads claimed that applying Listerine to the scalp could prevent "infectious dandruff".
Listerine is packed in glass bottles in corrugated cardboard tubes for almost 80 years before the first revamps were made for the brand: In 1992, Cool Mint Listerine was introduced as an addition to the original Listerine Antiseptic formula and, in 1994, both brands were introduced in plastic bottles for the first time. In 1995, FreshBurst was added, then in 2003, Citrus Nature. In 2006 a new addition to the "less intense" varieties, Vanilla Mint, was released. Nine different types of Listerine exist in US markets and elsewhere: Original Mint, Fresh Mint, Natural Citrus, Naturals, Soft Mint (Vanilla Mint), UltraClean (formerly Advanced Listerine), Tooth Defense (mint shield), and Whitening pre rinse rinse (clean mint).
Maps Listerine
Composition
The active ingredients listed on the Listerine bottle are 0.042% mint, 0.064% thyme, 0.06% 0.06% methyl salicylate (wintergreen) and 0.092% eucalyptol (eucalyptus). In combination all have an antiseptic effect and there is some thought that methyl salicylate may have anti-inflammatory effects as well. Ethanol, which is toxic to bacteria at a concentration of 40%, is present in a concentration of 21.6% in flavor products and 26.9% in the original Listerine Antiseptic gold. At this concentration, ethanol serves to dissolve the active ingredient.
The addition of the active ingredient means that ethanol is considered non-drinkable, known as denatured alcohol, and therefore not regulated as an alcoholic beverage in the United States. (Special Alleged Alcohol Formula 38-B, as specified in Title 27, Federal Code of Regulations, Section 21, Subdivision D) However, the consumption of mouthwash to obtain poisoning occurs, especially among alcoholics and minors.
Security
There are concerns that the use of alcohol-based mouthwashes such as Listerine may increase the risk of oral cancer. In 2010, 7 meta-analyzes found no association between mouthwash containing alcohol and oral cancer, and 3 have found an increased risk. In January 2009, Andrew Penman, chief executive of the New South Wales Cancer Council, called for more research on the issue. In a March 2009 summary, the American Dental Association said "available evidence does not support the link between mouth cancer and mouthwash containing alcohol". In 2009, Johnson and Johnson launched a new alcohol-free product version called Listerine Zero.
On April 11, 2007, McNeil-PPC revealed that there were potential contaminants in all Listerine Agent Cool Blue products sold since its launch in 2006, and that all the bottles were being pulled back. This recall affects about 4,000,000 bottles sold since then. According to the company, the Blue Listerine Agent is the only product affected by contamination and no other products in the Listerine family are under recall.
References
External links
- Official
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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