The Seventh Army is a US army created during World War II that evolved into the United States Army Europe (USAREUR) during the 1950s and 1960s. It was presented in North Africa and Italy at the Operations Theater of Mediterranean and France and Germany in European theater between 1942 and 1945.
Initially I am Armored Corps under the command of Lieutenant General George S. Patton, it made landfall in Morocco during Operation Torch as the Western Task Force, the first all-US. power to enter the European war. After the successful defeat of the Wehrmacht under General Erwin Rommel in North Africa, the Armored Corps I redesigned the Seventh Army on 10 July 1943 when at sea on the way to the Allied Sicilian invasion as the spearhead of Operation Husky.
After the conquest of Palermo and Messina the Seventh Army was prepared for the French invasion by the Mediterranean coast as the main element of Operation Dragoon in August 1944. Then pushed the Germans back to the north and then westward towards Alsace, absorbed into the newly created US Army Group in mid-September. In January 1945, the attack extinguished a fierce but brief counterattack of enemies during German Operation Nordwind, then completed a reduction of its territory in mid-March.
In the lead role in Operation Undertone launched March 15, the Seventh Army battled across the Rhine to Germany, catching Nuremberg and then Munich. The Elements reached Austria and crossed the Brenner Pass to Italy on May 4, followed immediately by the end of the war on VE-Day, May 8, 1945.
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The United States officially entered World War II on December 7, 1941, after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. This was followed four days later by the German war declaration in the United States. On November 8, 1942, Maj. Gen. George S. Patton, Jr. led the Western Task Force, the only American landing troop for Operation Torch, the code name for the Allied invasion of North Africa France. Having succeeded there, Patton, now promoted to the rank of lieutenant general, ordered the Seventh Army, formed at midnight on July 10, 1943 by the redesignation of the Armored Corps I, during the Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943 in conjunction with the British Eighth Army, led by General Sir Bernard Montgomery, Patton's rival. Patton will lead the Seventh Army until early 1944.
Sicily
The Seventh Army landed on several beaches in southern Sicily on July 10, 1943 and captured the Sicilian capital from Palermo on July 22 and, along with the British Eighth Army, captured Messina on 16 August. During the battle, elements of the Seventh Army killed or captured thousands of enemy soldiers, mainly Italians. During the operation, the Seventh and Eighth Army was under the command of the 15th Army Group, under General Sir Harold Alexander. The Seventh Army headquarters remained relatively inactive in Palermo, Sicily and Algeria until January 1944, when Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark, then ordered the Fifth US Army on the Italian Front, was commissioned as commander and the Seventh Army began planning for the invasion of Southern France.
Southern France
The invasion was originally codenamed "Operation Anvil", but was changed to "Dragoon Operation" before the landing. In March 1944, Major General Alexander Patch, a highly experienced and competent commander, was assigned to lead the Seventh Army, which moved to Naples, Italy, the following July. On August 15, 1944, elements of the Seventh Army attacked the southern French beaches of St. Tropez and St.. Raphael. On September 15, the Seventh was under the control of the 6th Army Group field, under Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers. The 6th Army Group also includes the First French Army. Within a month, the Seventh Army, which at that time employed three American divisions, five French divisions and the first Airborne Task Force, had advanced 400 miles and joined the Allied forces that came south from Normandy. In the process, the Seventh Army had liberated Marseilles, Lyon, Toulon and all the South of France.
Alsace
The Seventh Army then attacked the German forces in the Vosges Mountains and broke into the Alsatian Plain. During the Battle of the Bulge at the end of December, he expanded his wings to take over most of the territory that has been the responsibility of the Third US Army, which was then commanded by Patton who had previously ordered the Seventh, allowing the Third party to liberate the surrounded America. troops besieged in Bastogne. In mid-January 1945, the Seventh was engaged in a fierce battle seeking to regain lost ground from the attacks of New Nordwind German Operations. Together with the First French Army, the Seventh attacked in February 1945 and removed Colmar Pocket. After taking Strasbourg, the Seventh entered Saar, attacked the Siegfried Line, and reached the Rhine River during the first week of March 1945.
German
In the lead role in Operation Undertone, the Seventh Army battled across the Rhine to Germany, seizing Nuremberg and then Munich. Eventually he crossed the Brenner Pass and made contact with the Fifth Army Lieutenant General Lucian Truscott at Vipiteno - again on Italian soil.
In less than nine months of continuous combat, the Seventh Army has advanced over 1,000 miles and for a time has ordered 24 US and Allied divisions, including the 3rd, 36th, 42nd, 44th, Infantry Infantry -45, 63rd, 70th, 100th, and 103th Division.
Post World War II
The Seventh Army was weakened in March 1946, in Germany, reactivated for a short time in Atlanta, Georgia, then deactivated again. It was reactivated by the European Command of the United States (EUCOM) with its headquarters at Patch Barracks, Stuttgart-Vaihingen, Germany, on 24 November 1950 and commissioned by the US Army's command and land service troops Europe (USAREUR).
On November 30, 1966, the Seventh Army was moved from the Patch Barracks to Heidelberg. After the French dispute with certain NATO policies, the European Command of the United States moved from Paris to the following year. Since then, the Seventh Army has been the base for all Army units under the European Command. The main subordinate elements are the Corps V and VII Corps (Inactive in 2013 and 1992, respectively.)
In 1959, Grafenwoehr became the headquarters of the Seventh Army Training Center, which incorporated the Grafenwoehr Training Area and Hohenfels to become Germany's largest training complex. In 1975, Grafenwoehr became headquarters for the US Seventh Army Training Center, which became the Seventh Army Training Command the following year. In January 2006, the 7th ATC was known as the 7th Combined Multinational Training Command of the Army. In July 2016, the 7th Combined Multinational Training Command of the Army was returned to its original designation as the 7th Army Training Command.
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See also
- United States of the European Army
- The Sixth United States Army Group
- VI Corps (United States)
- XV Corps (United States)
- XXI Corps (United States)
- Undertone Operation
- 289 Combat Battalion Engineer (United States)
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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