The Taipei 101 / TAIPEI 101 , formerly known as Taipei World Financial Center - is a famous skyscraper in Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan. The building was officially classified as the world's highest in 2004, and remained that way until the completion of the Burj Khalifa in Dubai in 2010. In 2011, the building was awarded the LEED platinum certification, the highest award according to Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system, and become the tallest and largest green building in the world. It used to have the world's fastest elevator, traveling at 60.6 km/h and transporting passengers from 5th to 89th floors in 37 seconds. In 2016, the title for the fastest elevator is given to Shanghai Tower in Shanghai, China.
Construction on the 101-story tower began in 1999 and was completed in 2004. The tower has served as a modern Taiwanese icon since its opening. The building was architecturally created as a symbol of technological evolution and Asian tradition. His postmodernist approach to style combines traditional design elements and gives them modern care. The tower is designed to withstand hurricanes and earthquakes. A multi-level shopping center adjacent to the tower stores hundreds of shops, restaurants and clubs. 2004 to now, fireworks launched from Taipei 101 stand out in international New Year's Eve broadcasts and their structures often appear in international travel and media literature.
Taipei 101 is owned by Taipei Financial Center Corporation. The name originally planned for the building, Taipei World Financial Center, until 2003, comes from the owner's name.
Video Taipei 101
Features
Height
Taipei 101 consists of 101 floors above the ground, as well as 5 underground levels. It is not only the world's first building to break the half-kilometer height, but also the tallest building in the world from March 2004 to March 10, 2010. On July 28, 2011, it is still the largest and highest use in the world. green building.
Upon completion, Taipei 101 is the tallest inhabited building in the world, at 509.2 m (1,671 ft) measured to the top of the high architecture (tower peak), surpassing the Petronas Towers, previously the tallest skyscraper inhabited at 451.9 m (1.483Ã , Ft). The elevation to the top of the roof, at 449.2 m (1.474 ft), and the highest occupied floor, at 439.2 m (1,441 ft), surpassed the previous record of 442 m (1,450 ft) and 412.4 m (1.353 ft) each; The Willis Tower previously had that distinction. It also surpasses the 85-storey Tuntex Sky Tower, 347.5 m (1,140 ft) in Kaohsiung as Taiwan's tallest building and Shin Kong Life Tower as high as 51 floors, 244.15 m (801 ft) as the tallest building in Taipei.. Taipei 101 claims the official record for the world's tallest sun and the biggest New Year's Eve countdown clock in the world.
Various sources, including building owners, provide Taipei 101 altitudes as 508 m (1,667 ft), roof height and upper elevation as 448 m (1,470 ft) and 438 m (1,437 ft). This lower figure is derived by measuring from above the platform 1.2 m (4 ft) at the base. Standard CTBUH, including the height of the platform in calculating the overall height, as it is part of the man-made structure and is above the level of the surrounding sidewalk. Taipei 101 refuge Petronas Tower as the tallest building in the world with 57.3 m (188Ã, ft). The highest claimed record from the ground to the top was defeated by the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, which is 829.8 m (2,722 ft). The Taipei 101 recordings for the highest roof and floor heights were briefly passed to Shanghai World Financial Center in 2008, which in turn produced these notes also to the Burj.
Design structure
Taipei 101 is designed to withstand hurricanes and tremor earthquakes common in eastern Taiwan. Evergreen Consulting Engineering, structural engineer, designed Taipei 101 to withstand strong winds from 60 meters per second (197 ft/s), (216 km/h or 134 mph), and the strongest earthquake in a 2,500-year cycle.
Taipei 101 is designed to be flexible and resistant to structure, because while flexibility prevents structural damage, resistance ensures comfort for occupants and for the protection of glass, curtain walls, and other features. Most designs achieve the required strength by enlarging important structural elements such as strengthening. Due to the height of Taipei 101, combined with the surrounding geology - the building is only 660 ft (200 m) from the main fault line - Taipei 101 uses high performance steel construction and 36 columns, including eight "mega-columns" packed with 10,000Ã, psi (69Ã, MPa). The outrigger rod, located at an eight-storey interval, connects the columns at the core of the building to the one on the outside.
These features, combined with foundation solidity, make Taipei 101 one of the most stable buildings ever built. The foundation is reinforced by 380 piles driven 80 m (262 ft) into the ground, extending as far as 30 m (98 ft) into the bedrock. Each pile has a diameter of 1.5 m (5 feet) and can contain 1,000-1,320 tons (1,100-1,460 short tons). During construction, on March 31, 2002, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck Taipei; two stork construction from the 56th floor, the highest floor at the time, was overthrown. Five people were killed in the crash, but the inspection showed no structural damage to the building, and the construction soon returned.
RWDI designed a 660 ton (728-short-tons) steel pendulum that served as a tuned mass damper, costing NT $ 132 million (US $ 4 million). Suspended from floor 92 to floor 87, the pendulum rocked to compensate for movement in the building caused by strong gusts. Its scope, the world's largest silencer ball, consists of 41 circular steel plates of varying diameter, each with a thickness of 125 mm (4.92 inches), welded together to form a sphere of 5.5 m (18 ft) diameter. Two additional adjusted mass silencers, each weighing 6 tons (7 short tons), are mounted on the end of the tower that helps prevent structural damage due to the strong wind load. On August 8, 2015, strong winds from Cyclone Soudelor swung the main damper by 100 cm (39 inches) - the largest movement ever recorded by silencers.
Silencers have become a popular tourist attraction, the city is contracting Sanrio to create a mascot: the Damper Baby. Four versions of Damper Baby: "Rich Gold", "Cool Black", "Smart Silver" and "Lucky Red" are designed and made into sculptures and souvenirs sold in Taipei 101 gift shops. Damper Baby, with all-aged appeal which is beautiful, has become a popular local icon, with comic books and its own website.
Structural Faç§ade
Taipei 101's characteristic blue-green glass curtain wall is double paned and glass, offers heat and UV protection enough to block external heat by 50 percent, and can sustain impact 7 tons (8 short tons). The glass and aluminum panel façade systems fitted into the momentally momentous grid contribute to the overall lateral stiffness by binding back to the mega-columns with one-story high rolls on each eighth floor. The façade system is therefore capable of holding up to 95 mm (4 in) seismic lateral displacement without damage.
The original angle of façade was tested at RWDI in Ontario. The 100-year storm simulation in RWDI reveals a vortex that forms for 3 seconds 105 miles per hour (169 km/h) of wind at a height of 10 meters, or the rate of lateral tower shake that causes large wind oscillations. A chamfered double step design was found to dramatically reduce this crosswind oscillation, resulting in a final "double stairstep" angle faÃÆ'§ade design. Architect C.Y. Lee also used the broad element of the façade to represent the symbolic identity he pursued. Elements of this façade include a green glass for a svelte native bamboo view, eight upward slopes of a pagoda each with eight floors, a Ruyi and a money box symbol between the two façade parts among others.
Taipei 101's own roof and faÃÆ'§ade water recycling system meets 20 to 30 percent of the building's water requirements. In July 2011, Taipei 101 was certified "the world's tallest green building" below LEED standards.
Symbolism
The 101-story elevation commemorates the extension of time: the new century arrives when the tower is built (100 1) and all new years that follow (1 January = 1-01). It symbolizes the high ideals by becoming better at 100, a number of traditional perfection. The numbers also generate binary number systems used in digital technology.
The main tower has a series of eight segments eight floors each. In Chinese-language culture, the number eight is associated with abundance, prosperity and good fortune.
Repeated segments simultaneously recall the rhythm of an Asian pagoda (a tower connecting earth and sky, also appearing in the Petronas Towers), bamboo stems (learning and growth icons), and a pile of ancient Chinese ingots or money boxes (symbols of abundance). Popular humor sometimes likens the shape of a building with a bundle of boxes brought out like those used in Western-style Chinese food; of course, the shape of such checkered piles also comes from ancient money boxes. The four discs are mounted on each face of the building where the pedestal meets the tower representing the coin. The emblem placed above the entrance shows three gold coins of ancient design with central holes shaped implying Arabic numbers 1-0-1 . The structure combines many forms of squares and circles to achieve a balance between yin and yang.
The curved ruyi figure appears throughout the structure as a design motif. Although every ruyi form in Taipei 101 is traditional, its rendering in modern industrial metal is clear. The ruyi is an ancient ancient amulet that is related in art with the heavenly clouds. It connotes healing, protection and fulfillment. It comes in celebration of the achievement of new career heights. The curved curved roof from the adjoining mall peaked in the colossal ruyi that overshadowed pedestrians. Every ruyi decoration on the outside of the Taipei 101 tower has a height of at least 8 m (26 ft).
In the evening, bright yellow light from the top of the Taipei 101 tower in the role of candle or torch that upholds the ideals of freedom and welcoming. From 6:00 to 10:00 each night, the tower lights display one of seven colors in the spectrum. The colors coincide with the days of the week:
The adjacent Taipei 101 on the eastern side connects a further landmark with the symbolism of time. The circular garden design doubles as the face of a giant sun watch. The tower itself cast a shadow to mark the afternoon hours for the occupants of the building. The design of the park echoed in the clock that stood at its entrance. The clock runs on the energy taken from the wind shear of the building.
Taipei 101, like many of its neighbors, shows the influence of feng shui philosophy. An example appears in the form of a large granite fountain at the junction of Songlian Road and Xinyi Road near the eastern entrance of the tower. A ball above the fountain turned toward the tower. As a public art work the fountain offers a contrast to the tower in its texture even as its design echoes the rhythm of the tower. The fountain also serves a practical function in the philosophy of feng shui . An intersection of T near the entrance of a building is a potential for positive energy drain, or ch'i , of the structure and its inhabitants. Placing the water flowing in those places is considered to help direct the flow of ch'i .
Interior
Taipei 101 is the first record building building built in the 21st century. It shows a number of technologically advanced features as it provides a center for business and leisure.
The original 2004 optical fiber and satellite internet connection allows transfer rates up to gigabits per second.
The double deck elevators built by Toshiba Lift and Building Systems Corporation (TELC) Japan set a new record in 2004 with the fastest rising speed in the world. At 60.6 kilometers (37.7 mi) per hour, 16.83 m (55.22 ft) per second, or 1010 m/min, the Taipei 101 lift speed is 34.7 percent faster than the previous record holder at Yokohama Landmark Tower Elevator, Yokohama, Japan, which reaches speeds of 12.5 m (41Ã, ft) per second (45.0 km/h, 28.0 mi/hr). The Taipei 101 lifts visitors from the fifth floor to the 89th floor observatory in just 37 seconds. Each elevator is equipped with aerodynamic body, full pressure, sophisticated emergency braking system, and the world's first triple-stage anti-overshooting system. The cost for each elevator is NT $ 80 million (US $ 2.4 million).
A 660 ton (728-short-ton) silencer (TMD) damper, located between floors 87 and 91, stabilizes the tower against movement caused by strong winds. Silencers can reduce up to 40 percent of tower movement. TMD is visible to all visitors on floors 87 through 91.
Two restaurants have opened on the 85th floor: Diamond Tony's, which offers seafood and European-style steaks, and Shin Yeh 101 (??), which offers Taiwanese-style cuisine. Occupying all 86 floors is Taiwanese restaurant Ding Xian 101. Din Tai Fung, several international dining companies and retail outlets also operate in adjoining malls. A storied shopping center adjacent to the tower is home to hundreds of shops, restaurants, clubs and other modern attractions. The interior of the modern mall is in design even as it uses traditional elements. The curved symbol ruyi is a recurring motif inside the mall. Many interior features also observe the tradition of feng shui .
Directory floor
Floor 101 is home to a private VIP club named Summit 101, according to the observatory brochure. Before 2014, no information about this club has ever been published. In 2014, exclusive club photos are shown on TV for the first time. A spokeswoman for the Taipei Financial Center Corporation said that only foreign officials, Hollywood movie actors and high spenders in Taipei 101 Mall (over NT $ 1 million in purchase) have been invited to the VIP club.
Access to the 101st floor requires two transfer lifts on floors 89 and 93, respectively. There is only one service elevator that facilitates access to the top 9 floors (93-101). Floor 101 is divided into three levels: 101F (lower), 101MF (mezzanine) and 101RF (roof). The VIP club is on the lower level, while the 101RF, the mechanical floor, provides access to the 60-meter-tall tower, which has 24 levels (numbered R1 to R24) accessible only via stairs.
Floors 92 through 100 are officially designated as communications floors, although it is not known whether there is a radio or TV station currently on the air from above Taipei 101. The 91st floor observatory is the highest floor open to the public, but unlike the rented/private floor of 7 ~ 90F, no sign of even access point visible to the top floor at Level 91. The top 10 floors have been stated on their website to contain radio and television relay stations, emergency system receiving/marking relay stations, telecommunication stations, and antenna frames out on the 96F, which offers power, fire protection, telecommunication systems, and security-related systems, according to their website.
Number 4 is considered an unlucky number in Chinese culture, so what will be the 44th floor has been replaced by Level 43, with 42A replacing the actual 43 to compensate for the number of floors skipped.
There is a freight elevator that facilitates access to every level from B5 to 91, with buttons for each floor.
A tenant directory is installed in the first floor lobby (from Xinyi entrance). Since January 1, 2011, the highest office floor (excluding observatories and restaurants) is 75. The building appears to be at least 70 percent occupied at this point. All publicly accessible floors have wheelchair accessibility.
Elevator
Taipei 101 includes 2 elevators of high speed observatory manufactured by Toshiba. Their top speed is 1,010 meters per minute (about 60.6 kilometers per hour). It only takes 37 seconds to travel from the 5th floor to the 89th floor of a skyscraper.
Observation Deck
Taipei 101 has an Indoor Observation deck (floors 88 and 89) and an Outdoor Observation deck (91st floor). Both offer 360 degree views and attract visitors from around the world. The Indoor Observatory stands 383.4 m (1,258 ft) above the ground, offering a comfortable environment, large windows with UV protection, sound tour recording in eight languages, and displaying special information and exhibits. Here one can see the main damper of skyscrapers, which is the biggest and heaviest eye damper in the world, and buy food, drink and gift items. Two more flights of stairs take visitors to the Outer Observatory. The Outdoor Observatory, at 391.8m (1.285Ã, ft) above ground, is the second highest observation deck ever provided at the skyscrapers and the tallest platform in Taiwan.
The Indoor Observatory is open thirteen hours a day (9:00 am to 10:00 pm) throughout the week as well as on special occasions; The Open Observatory opens for the same hour as the weather permit. Tickets can be purchased on the site at the shopping center (5th floor) or in advance via the Observatory website. Tickets cost NT $ 500 (US $ 17, as of 9 September 2013) and allow access to floors 88 through 91 via high-speed lifts.
Art
Many artworks appeared in and around Taipei 101. These include: German artist Rebecca Horn Dialogue between Yin and Yang in 2002 (steel, iron), American artist Robert Indiana 1-0 in 2002 and Love in 2003 (aluminum), French artist Ariel Moscovici Between Earth and Sky in 2002 (rose de la claret granite), Taiwanese artist Chung Pu Global Circle In 2002 (black granite, white marble), British artist Jill Watson City Composition in 2002 (Bronze), and Taiwanese artist Kang Mu Hsiang Infinite Life in 2013 (aluminum). In addition, the Indoor Observatory hosts a series of regular exhibits. The represented artists include Wu Ching (golden statue), Ping-huang Chang (traditional painting) and Po-lin Chi (aerial photos).
Maps Taipei 101
History
Construction
Planning for Taipei 101 began in July 1997 during Chen Shui-bian's time as mayor of Taipei. Talks between merchants and city government officials initially centered on a proposal for a 66-story tower to serve as an anchor for new development in 101 Taipei's business districts. Planners are considering taking a new structure to a more ambitious height just after the expatriates suggested it, along with many other features used in building design. It was not until the summer of 2001 that the city licensed the construction of a 101-story tower on the site. Meanwhile, the construction of the first run and column towers was established in the summer of 2000.
A major earthquake occurred in Taiwan during March 31, 2002 destroying the roof construction crane, which is located on the 47th floor. The crane fell onto Xinyi Road under the tower, destroying several vehicles and causing five deaths - two crane operators and three untamed workers. However, the inspection did not show any structural damage to the building, and the construction work could be restarted within a week.
The Taipei 101 roof was completed three years later on July 1, 2003. Ma Ying-jeou, in her first term as mayor of Taipei, put a golden sign to show the achievement. The official opening of the tower occurred on New Year's Eve 2004. President Chen Shui-bian, Taipei Mayor Ma Ying-jeou and Legislative Representative Wang Jin-pyng cut the ribbon. The open concert featured a number of popular artists, including singer A-Mei and Stefanie Sun. Visitors take the elevator to the Observatory for the first time. Hours later the first fireworks show in Taipei 101 heralded the arrival of the new year.
Chronology
Important dates in planning and construction of Taipei 101 include the following:
Events
Taipei 101 is the site of many special events. The art exhibit, as mentioned above, regularly takes place at the Observatory. Some important dates since the opening of the tower include this.
On February 28, 2005, Former President of the United States Bill Clinton visited and signed a copy of his autobiography. On April 19, 2005, the tower featured the formula "E = mc 2 " in lights to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the publication of Einstein's theory of relativity. The screen, the largest of 65,000 displays as in 47 countries, is part of the international celebration of Enlightens the World Physics. On October 20, 2006, the tower featured a pink ribbon on the lights to promote awareness of breast cancer. The ten-day campaign was sponsored by Taipei 101 and Està © Lauder owners.
On December 25, 2004, French climber and urbanist Alain Robert made the official ascent to the summit peak in four hours. On 12 December 2007, the Austrian base jumper Felix Baumgartner survived an unauthorized parachute jump from the 91st floor. On November 20, 2005, Taipei 101 Up Up The first year featured a race up 2,046 steps from 1st to 91th floors. The results will benefit Olympic teams Taiwan. The men's race was won by Paul Crake from Australia (10 minutes, 29 seconds), and women's race by Andrea Mayr of Austria (12 minutes, 38 seconds). On June 15, 2008, the Taipei 101 Run Up featured 2,500 participants. The men's race was won by Thomas Dold from Germany (10 minutes, 53 seconds); 2007 champion Marco De Gasperi of Italy finished second and Chen Fu-tsai of Taiwan finished third. The women's race was won by Lee Hsiao-yu from Taiwan (14 minutes, 53 seconds). On December 6, 2014, Japanese idol group AKT48 went to the outdoor observatory on the 91st floor of the building, and held a small concert there as their first tour show in Taiwan.
New Year's Eve fireworks display
Taipei Financial Center Corporation (TFCC) announced plans on November 2, 2009 to make Taipei 101 "the world's tallest green building" in summer 2011 as measured by LEED standards. This structure has been designed to be energy efficient, with double panels blocking external heat by 50 percent and recycling water meeting 20-30 percent of the building's needs. LEED certification will require inspections and upgrades in cables, water and lighting equipment at a cost of NT $ 60 million (US $ 1.8 million). Estimates indicate the savings generated from the modification will pay the manufacturing costs within three years. The project is conducted under the guidance of an international team comprising Siemens Building Technologies, architects and interior designers Steven Leach Group and advisory firm LEED EcoTech International. The company applied for platinum degree certification with LEED in early 2011. On July 28, 2011, Taipei 101 received LEED platinum certification under "Existing Buildings: Operation and Maintenance". It replaces the Bank of America Tower in Manhattan as the world's tallest and most used green building in addition to the Environmental Protection Agency building in Florida as the largest green building in the world. Although the project cost NT $ 60 million (US $ 2.08 million), it is expected to save 14.4 million kilowatt-hours of electricity, or 18 percent energy savings, equivalent to NT $ 36 million (US $ 1.2 million) in fees energy every year. In 2012, the shopping center at the base is expected to be renovated.
References
External links
- 2013 Taipei 101 Fireworks New Year
- Official Taipei 101 Website
- Official Taipei 101 Website - Observatory
- Official Taipei 101 Website - Mall
- YouTube - Taipei New Year's Firework 101 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
- National Geographic Channel - Richard Hammond checks Taipei 101
- Consulting services by RWDI (wind and emergency ventilation engineering) and Motioneering (custom mass silencers)
- Megastructure Supports 508 Meters Megatower from Taipei by Engineering News-Record, weekly magazine by McGraw-Hill Construction of McGraw-Hill
- LEED Official Website
- C. Y. Lee Architects Official Office Website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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