The Super Bowl is the annual National Football League (NFL) championship game. This game is the peak of the regular season that begins at the end of the summer of the previous calendar year. Typically, Roman numerals are used to identify each match, rather than the year in which it was held. For example, my Super Bowl was played on January 15, 1967, after the regular season of 1966. The only exception to this naming convention tradition was with the Super Bowl 50, which was played on February 7, 2016, after the regular 2015 season, and the following year, the nomenclature returned to the Roman number for the Super Bowl LI, after the regular 2016 season. The latest Super Bowl is the Super Bowl LII, on February 4, 2018, after the regular 2017 season.
This game was created as part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then-rival league, American Football League (AFL). It was agreed that both league champions would play in the AFL-NFL World Championship Game until the merger officially began in 1970. After the merger, each league was redesigned as a "conference", and a match had been played between champions conference to determine the NFL league champions. Currently, the National Football Conference (NFC) leads the league with 27 wins to 25 wins for the American Football Conference (AFC). Pittsburgh Steelers has the title of most Super Bowl championships, with six. The New England Patriots have the most Super Bowl appearance, with ten. Charles Haley and Tom Brady both have five Super Bowl rings, which are the record for most rings won by a single player.
The day the Super Bowl was played, now regarded by some as an unofficial national holiday, called "Super Bowl Sunday". This is the second largest day for US food consumption, after Thanksgiving Day. In addition, the Super Bowl has often become the most watched American television show of the year; the seven most watched shows in US television history are the Super Bowl. By 2015, the Super Bowl XLIX became America's most watched TV program in history with an average audience of 114.4 million viewers, the fifth time in six years of record-breaking games, starting with the Super Bowl 2010, which has taken over the number spot one held for 27 years by the last episode of M * A * S * H ​​â € <â € <. The Super Bowl is also one of the most watched sporting events in the world, almost all of the audience is North America, and is the second of the UEFA Champions League football finals as the most watched annual sporting event in the world.
The NFL limits the use of the trademark "Super Bowl"; this is often called Large Game or other common term by a non-sponsoring company. Due to the high impression, commercial broadcast time during Super Bowl broadcasts is the most expensive of the year, which causes companies to regularly develop their most expensive ads for this broadcast. As a result, watching and discussing broadcast ads has become an important aspect of the event. In addition, popular singers and musicians including Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson, Madonna, Prince, Beyoncà ©, Paul McCartney, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Whitney Houston and Lady Gaga have performed during pre-match and halftime ceremonies.
Video Super Bowl
Origin
For four decades after the early 1920s, the NFL managed to fend off several rival leagues. However, in 1960, he faced the most serious competitor when the American Football League (AFL) was formed. The AFL is competing with the NFL for players and fans, but by the middle of the decade, competition tensions led to serious merger talks between the two leagues. Prior to the 1966 season, the NFL and the AFL reached a merger deal that would apply to the 1970 season. As part of the merger, the champions of the two leagues agreed to meet in a world championship match for American professional football until the merger was made.
Bowl game is a post-season college football game. The original "bowl game" is the Rose Bowl Game in Pasadena, California, which was first played in 1902 as the "East-West football game" as part of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses and moved to the new Rose Bowl Stadium in 1923. The stadium gets its name from the fact that the games played there are part of the Roses Tournament and it's shaped like a bowl, like the Yale Bowl in New Haven, Connecticut; The football game of the Tournament of Roses itself eventually became known as the Rose Bowl Game. Capitalizing on the popularity of Rose Bowls Games, a post-season college football contest was created for Miami (Orange Bowl), New Orleans (Sugar Bowl), and El Paso, Texas (Sun Bowl) in 1935, and for Dallas (the Cotton) Bowl) in 1937. By the time the first Super Bowl was played, the term "bowl" for every major American football game was established.
Lamar Hunt, owner of AFL Kansas City Chiefs, first used the term "Super Bowl" to refer to the NFL-AFL championship game at the merger meeting. Hunt later said that the name might be in his head because his sons play with Super Ball toys; A vintage example of the ball was on display at the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio. On July 25, 1966, a letter to NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle, Hunt wrote, "I have jokingly called it the 'Super Bowl,' which is obviously beyond repair."
The league owner chose the name "AFL-NFL Championship Game", but in July 1966 Kansas City Star quoted Hunt in discussing "Super Bowl - that's my term for the championship match between two leagues", and the media soon started use the term. Although the league declared in 1967 that "not many people like it", asked for suggestions and considered alternatives like "Merger Bowl" and "The Game", the Associated Press reported that the "Super Bowl" "grew and grew and grew until it reached that point there's Super Week, Super Sunday, Super Teams, Super Players, ad infinitum ". "Super Bowl" became the official start with the third annual game. The first Roman numerals were affixed to the fifth edition, in January 1971.
After the NFL Green Bay Packers won the first two Super Bowls, some team owners were worried about the future of the merger. At the time, many were doubting the AFL team's competitiveness compared to their NFL counterparts, although that perception changed when the AFL New York Jets defeated the Baltimore Colts NFL at the Super Bowl III in Miami. One year later, the Kansas City AFL Chief beat Minnesota NFL Minnesota Vikings 23-7 at Super Bowl IV in New Orleans, which is the last AFL-NFL World Championship Game to be played before the merger. Beginning with the 1970 season, the NFL was inducted into two conferences; the former AFL team plus three NFL teams (Colts, Pittsburgh Steelers and Cleveland Browns) will form the American Football Conference (AFC), while the remaining NFL clubs will form the National Football Conference (NFC). The champions of the two conferences will play each other in the Super Bowl.
The winning team received the Vince Lombardi Trophy, named after the Green Bay Packers coach, who won the first two Super Bowl games and three of the previous five NFL championships in 1961, 1962 and 1965. Following Lombardi's death in September 1970, the trophy was named Vince Lombardi Trophy. The first trophy awarded under the new name was presented to the Baltimore Colts after their victory at Super Bowl V in Miami.
Maps Super Bowl
Date
The Super Bowl is currently played on the first Sunday in February. This is because the current NFL schedule comprising the opening weekend of the season is held immediately after Labor Day (first Monday of September), the regular 17-week season (in which each team plays 16 matches and one bye), the first three rounds playoffs, and the Super Bowl two weeks after the two Conference Championships. This schedule has been in effect since Super Bowl XXXVIII in February 2004. The Super Bowl date can be determined from the date of the previous Labor Day. For example, the Labor Day of 2015 occurred on September 7; therefore the next Super Bowl is scheduled exactly five months later on February 7, 2016.
Initially, the game lasts from early to mid January. For the Super Bowl, there is only one playoff round: the NFL and the AFL Championship Games that have joined. The addition of two rounds of playoffs (first in 1967 and later in 1978), an increase in regular season games 14-16 (1978), and the formation of one week per team (1990) have led to the Super Bowl being played later. Partially offsetting the elongation effect of the season, along with the addition of two regular season games in 1978, the season started earlier. Prior to 1978, the season began on 21 September. Now, since Labor Day is always the first Monday of September, September 13 is the last possible date for the first Sunday game (Since 2002, the regular season has started with Game Kickoff on the first Thursday after Labor Day). The earliest start date is probably September 7th.
Game history
Pittsburgh Steelers has won six Super Bowls, the most from any team; The Dallas Cowboys, New England Patriots, and San Francisco 49ers each have five wins, while the Green Bay Packers and New York Giants have four Super Bowl championships. Fourteen other NFL franchises have won at least one Super Bowl. Eight teams have appeared in the Super Bowl game without a win. The Minnesota Vikings are the first team to have emerged a record four times without a win. Buffalo Bills played in a record four Super Bowls in a row and lost everyone. Four teams (Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Houston Texans) have never appeared in the Super Bowl. The Browns and Lions won the NFL Championships before the creation of the Super Bowl, while Jaguars (1995) and Texans (2002) were the team's recent NFL expansion. (Detroit, Houston and Jacksonville, however, have hosted the Super Bowl, leaving Browns the only team that has never played or which city hosts matches.) The Minnesota Vikings won the last NFL Championship before the merger but lost to the champions AFL Kansas City Chiefs in Super Bowl IV.
1960: Early history
The Green Bay Packers won the first two Super Bowls (Known as the AFL-NFL World Championship Game for the first two contests), defeating Kansas City Chiefs and Oakland Raiders after the 1966 and 1967 seasons. The Packers were led by quarterback Bart Starr, who was named the Most Valuable Player (MVP) for both games. Both of these championships, coupled with the NFL Packers championships in 1961, 1962, and 1965, were the most successful parts of the NFL History; five championships in seven years, and the only threepeat in NFL history (1965, 1966, and 1967).
In Super Bowl III, the AFL New York Jets defeated the eighteen favorites point of the Baltimore Colts of the NFL, 16-7. The Jets were led by quarterback Joe Namath, who was famously guaranteed the Jets victory before the game, and former Colts head coach Weeb Ewbank, and their victory proved that the AFL is a competitive NFL equivalent. This was reinforced the following year when Kansas City's AFL Chief beat Minnesota Viking Minnesota 23-7 in Super Bowl IV.
1970: Dominant franchise
After the AFL-NFL merger was completed in 1970, three franchises - Dallas Cowboys, Miami Dolphins, and Pittsburgh Steelers - will continue to dominate the 1970s, winning eight combined Super Bowls in this decade.
The Baltimore Colts, now an AFC member, will start this decade by defeating Cowboys in Super Bowl V, a game known as the only Super Bowl for a date in which a player of the losing team won the Super Bowl MVP (Cowboys Midfielder, Chuck Howley ). Starting with this Super Bowl, all Super Bowls have served as NFL league championship games.
The Cowboys, back from losing the previous season, won the Super Bowl VI over the Dolphins. However, this will be the final loss of the Dolphins in over a year, like the following year, the Dolphins will go 14-0 in the regular season and eventually win all their playoff matches, sealed off with a 14-7 win at the Super Bowl VII, becoming the first team and the only one who completed the whole perfect routine and postseason. The Dolphins will repeat as league champions by winning the Super Bowl VIII a year later.
In the late 1970s, Steelers became the first NFL dynasty of the post-merger era by winning four Super Bowls (IX, X, XIII, and XIV) in six years. They were led by head coach Chuck Noll, Terry Bradshaw's offensive star drama, Franco Harris, Lynn Swann, John Stallworth, and Mike Webster, and their dominant "Steel Curtain" defense, led by "Mean" Joe Greene, LC Greenwood, Ernie Holmes , Mel Blount, Jack Ham, and Jack Lambert. Trainers and administrators are also part of the greatness of the dynasty as evidenced by the "final pieces" of the team that became part of the famous 1974 draft. Choice in those classes has been considered the best by any pro franchise, as Pittsburgh chooses four Hall of Famers in the future, the most for any team in any sport in a single concept. The Steelers are the first team to win three and then four Super Bowls and appear in six AFC Championship Games over the decade, making the playoffs in eight straight seasons. Nine players and three coaches and administrators on the team have been inducted into Pro Football Hall of Fame. Pittsburgh is still the only team that won the Super Bowl back-to-back twice and four Super Bowls in a six-year period.
Steelers 'dynasty was interrupted only by the Oakland Raiders' Super Bowl XI win and the Cowboys won their second Super Bowl in a decade.
1981-1996: NFC winning sequence
In the 1980s and 1990s, tables turned for the AFC, as the NFC dominated the Super Bowl a new decade and most of them in the 1990s. NFC won 16 of the 20 Super Bowls over the past two decades, including 13 straight from the Super Bowl XIX to Super Bowl XXXI. The NFC winning streak was only interrupted when the Los Angeles Raiders beat the Washington Redskins, 38-9 at the Super Bowl XVIII.
The most successful team in the 1980s was the San Francisco 49ers, which featured a West Coast attack from Hall of Fame head coach Bill Walsh. The offense was led by three times the Super Bowl MVP and the Hall of Fame quarterback Joe Montana, the Super Bowl MVP and the wide receipt Hall of Fame Jerry Rice, Roger Craig ran back, and Ronnie Lott's security/cornerback defense. Under their leadership, 49ers won four Super Bowls in this decade (XVI, XIX, XXIII, and XXIV) and made nine playoff appearances between 1981 and 1990, including eight division championships, becoming the second post-merger NFL dynasty.
The 1980s also produced the 1985 Chicago Bears, who posted 18-1 records under head coach Mike Ditka; quarterback Jim McMahon; and Hall of Fame ran back Walter Payton. Their team won the Super Bowl XX in dominant fashion. The Washington Redskins and New York Giants were also the top teams of the period; Redskins won the Super Bowl XVII, XXII, and XXVI. The Giants claim Super Bowl XXI and XXV. As in the 1970s, Oakland Raiders was the only team that disrupted the dominance of the Super Bowl of other teams; they won the Super Bowl XV and XVIII (the latter as Los Angeles Raiders).
After several seasons with a poor record in the 1980s, Dallas Cowboys bounced back into prominence in the 1990s. During this decade, Cowboys performs post-season appearances every year except for the 1990 and 1997 seasons. From 1992 to 1996, the Cowboys won their division championships each year. In the same period, Buffalo Bills have made their mark of reaching the Super Bowl for a record four years in a row, only to lose all four. After the Super Bowl championship by rivals New York (1990) and Washington (1991) divisions, the Cowboys won three of the next four Super Bowls (XXVII, XXVIII and XXX) led by quarterback Troy Aikman, raced back Emmitt Smith, and Michael Irvin. These three players go to the Hall of Fame. The Cowboys streak was interrupted by the 49ers, who won the fifth leading overall league title with Super Bowl XXIX in dominating fashion under the Super Bowl MVP and Hall of Fame quarterback Steve Young, the wide receipt Hall of Fame Jerry Rice, and Hall of Fame corners Deion Sanders ; However, the Cowboys' victory at Super Bowl XXX next year also gave them five titles as a whole and they did it with Sanders after he won the Super Bowl the previous year with 49ers. The NFC winning streak was followed by the Green Bay Packers who, under the Brack Favre quarterback Hall of Fame, won the Super Bowl XXXI, their first championship since the Super Bowl II in the late 1960s.
1997-2009: AFC resurgence
Super Bowl XXXII saw quarterback John Elway and sprinted back Terrell Davis leading the Denver Broncos to a surprise win over the defending champions Packers, snapping a 13-year winning streak. The following year, the Broncos defeated the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII, Elway's fifth Super Bowl appearance, the second NFL championship, and his final game at the NFL. The back-to-back victory marks a change in momentum where the AFC team will win nine of the 12 Super Bowls. In the years between 1995 and 2016, five teams - the Steelers, the New England Patriots, the Broncos, the Baltimore Ravens, and the Indianapolis Colts - contributed 20 of the 22 AFC Super Bowl appearances (including the last 14), with the same team often meeting each other others earlier in the playoffs. Instead, the NFC sees different representatives in the Super Bowl every season from 2001 to 2010.
A year after the second victory of the Broncos, however, the St. The staggering Louis Rams headed by an unmarked quarterback, Kurt Warner, who will close the 1990s in a wild fight against Tennessee Titans in Super Bowl XXXIV. The tense match went down to the last game where Tennessee had a chance to tie up the match and send it overtime. The Titans almost pulled it, but Kevin Dyson's recipient tackle by midfielder Mike Jones made the ball out of the end zone with a matter of inches. In 2007, ESPN will rank "The Tackle" as the 2nd greatest moment in Super Bowl history.
The Super Bowl XXXV is played by the Baltimore Ravens AFC and the New York Giants NFC. The Ravens beat the Giants with a score of 34-7. The game was played on January 28, 2001, at the Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida.
The New England Patriots became the dominant team in the early 2000s, winning three championships from four years early in the decade. They will be the second team in NFL history to do so (after the 1990s Dallas Cowboys). At Super Bowl XXXVI, first-year midfield midfielder Tom Brady led his side to a 20-17 upset win over Rams St. Louis. Brady will continue to win the MVP award for this game. The Patriots also won the Super Bowl XXXVIII and XXXIX defeated the Carolina Panthers and Philadelphia Eagles respectively. The four-year Patriot's dominance stretch was disrupted by the 18-25 Super Bowl XXXVII Tampa Bay Buccaneers win over the Oakland Raiders.
Pittsburgh Steelers and Indianapolis Colts continued the era of AFC domination by winning Super Bowl XL and XLI in 2005-06 and 2006-07, each beating the Seattle Seahawks and Chicago Bears.
In the 2007 season, the Patriots became the fourth team in NFL history to have an unbeaten and unbeaten regular season record, the second in the Super Bowl era after the 1972 Miami Dolphins, and the first to finish 16-0. They easily marched through the AFC playoffs and became heavy favorites on the Super Bowl XLII. However, they lost the match with Eli Manning and the New York Giants 17-14, leaving the 2007 Patriots record at 18-1.
The following season, the Steelers set their sixth record in the Super Bowl (XLIII) in a 27-23 win, in the last minute against the Arizona Cardinals.
The 2009 season saw the New Orleans Saints defeat the Indianapolis Colts in Super Bowl XLIV with a score of 31-17 to take home their first Championship. With this victory, the Saints joined the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and the New York Jets as the only team to win in their own appearance at the Super Bowl.
2010-present
The year 2010 has seen parity between the two conferences, but not within them. Since the beginning of 2010, five of the nine Super Bowl winners have come from the NFC, the other four from AFC.
Following the Saints' victory at Super Bowl XLIV, the 2010 season brought the Green Bay Packers to their fourth Super Bowl (XLV) triumph and recorded the thirteenth NFL championship overall with the Pittsburgh Steelers defeat in February 2011. The Giants won another title after the 2011 season, again beat the Patriots in the Super Bowl XLVI.
The Baltimore Ravens snapped a three-match NFC winning streak by winning the Super Bowl XLVII in a 34-31 victory over the San Francisco 49ers. The Super Bowl XLVIII, which is played at New York's MetLife Stadium in February 2014, is the first Super Bowl held outdoors in a cold weather environment. Seattle Seahawks won their first NFL title with a 43-8 defeat of the Denver Broncos, in a highly-heralded match that rattled the top of the Seattle defense against a Peyton Manning-led Denver offense that broke the NFL single-season single record score.
In Super Bowl XLIX, the Patriot defeated the reigning Super Bowl champion Seahawks 28-24 when Malcolm Butler intercepted a Seattle pass in the final zone with the Seahawks preparing to take the lead. In the Super Bowl 50, the Broncos, led by the league's top-ranked defense, defeated the Carolina Panthers, who have top-ranked league violations, in what became Peyton Manning's last quarterback career.
At Super Bowl LI, Atlanta Falcons had a 28-3 lead at the end of the third quarter but lost to Patriots, 34-28, in the first Super Bowl which ended in extra time.
At the Super Bowl LII, the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots, 41-33. It was the appearance of the third Super Bowl Eagles, and their first win in franchise history. It was the appearance of the Patriot's tenth Super Bowl, and their fourth appearance in ten years; have won the Patriots, they will bind the Pittsburgh Steelers with the most Super Bowl (six) wins.
The Super Bowl of the late 2000s and 2010s is important for performances (and pedigrees) of some participating quarterbacks, and stagnation (especially on the AFC side) in repeated appearances by the same team and players. In particular, Tom Brady, Ben Roethlisberger, or Peyton Manning appear as AFC team quarterbacks in all but two of the Super Bowl between 2001 and 2018.
Television coverage and ratings
The Super Bowl is one of the most watched annual sporting events in the world, with a very domestic audience. The only other annual event that garnered more viewers was the UEFA Champions League final. Over the years, the Super Bowl has had huge US and global television viewing, and is often the most watched American television program of the year. These games tend to have high Nielsen television ratings, which are typically around 40 ratings and 60 share. This means that on average, more than 100 million people from the United States alone are tuned to the Super Bowl at any given moment.
In a press release that precedes the event each year, the NFL usually claims that the Super Bowl that year will have worldwide audience potential of about a billion people in over 200 countries. This number refers to the number of people who can watch the game, not the number of people who are actually watching. However, such statements have often been misinterpreted in various media as referring to the latter picture, leading to a common misconception about the actual global gaming audience. New York-based media research firm measured the global audience for the Super Bowl in 2005 at 93 million people, with 98 percent of that number being viewers in North America, which means about 2 million people outside North America watched the Super Bowl that year..
XLIX Super Bowl 2015 holds the record for the average number of US audiences, with a final number of 114.4 million, making it the most viewed television broadcast game in American history. Halftime shows are the most watched with 118.5 million viewers broadcasting, and all the time from 168 million viewers in the United States have watched some part of the 2015 Super Bowl broadcast. This game recorded a record total audience for the fifth time in six years.
The game with the highest rating according to Nielsen was Super Bowl XVI in 1982, which was watched in 49.1 percent of households (73 shares), or 40,020,000 households at the time. Ratings for the game, San Francisco's victory over Cincinnati, may be aided by a massive snowstorm that has affected much of the northeastern United States on match day, keeping the population at home more than usual. Super Bowl XVI still ranks fourth in Nielsen's top list of all-time programs, and the other three Super Bowls, XIIs, XVIIs and XXs, are in the top ten.
Well-known commercial campaigns include Budweiser's "Bud Bowl" campaign, the introduction of Apple Macintosh computers in 1984, and dot-com ads 1999 and 2000. As the Super Bowl television ratings continue to increase over the years, prices also increase every year, with advertisers paying as much $ 3.5 million for thirty-three places during the Super Bowl XLVI in 2012. The audience segment becomes a Super Bowl solely for viewing ads. In 2010, Nielsen reported that 51 percent of Super Bowl viewers listened to the ad. The Halftime Super Bowl show has spawned a host of other alternative entertainment such as Lingerie Bowl, Beer Bottle Bowl, and more.
Since 1991, the Super Bowl has started between 6:19 pm and 6:40 PM EST so most of the games are played during primetime hours on the East Coast.
Super Bowl on TV
Note: The year listed is the year in which games are played ( will be played ) rather than what the NFL season is considered to be. ^ Ã, *: Ã, Current extended TV contract with network ends after the 2022 season (or Super Bowl LVII in early 2023) and the current Super Bowl is played every year between CBS, Fox, and NBC in that order.
^ Ã, **: Ã, ABC is not currently in rotation for Super Bowl broadcasts.
^ Ã, ** *: Ã, Super Bowl first broadcasted simultaneously by CBS and NBC, with each network using the same video feed, but providing their own comments.
The Super Bowl I-VI is blacked out in the television market in host cities, due to league restrictions in place.
- Game analyst John Madden is the only person who broadcast the Super Bowl to each of the four networks that have broadcasted the game (5 with CBS, 3 with Fox, 2 with ABC, and 1 with NBC).
Programming lead-out
The Super Bowl provides a very powerful lead-in to the programming that follows it on the same channel, an effect that can last for several hours. For example, in discussing the ranking of local TV stations, television critic Buffalo Alan Pergament noted about the coattails of the Super Bowl XLVII, which aired on CBS: "The paid program running on Channel 4 (WIVB-TV) at 2.30 in the morning has a rating of 1.3. higher than some CW prime impressions earned on WNLO-TV, Channel 4's sister station. "
Due to this powerful coattail effect, the Super Bowl network typically utilizes a large audience to air the episodes of the hit series, or premier a promising new pilot in the lead-out slot, soon following the Super Bowl and post-game coverage.
Entertainment
Initially, it was sort of a new thing and so it did not feel right. But it's like, it's the year.... Our generation band, you can be seen on stage like this or, like, not seen. There are not many places in the center. This is an amazing place.
Early Super Bowls featured a halftime event consisting of a marching band from a local college or a high school; but as the popularity of the game increases, the trend in which popular singers and musicians performed during a pre-match ceremony and a halftime show, or just singing a national anthem of the United States, appears. Unlike regular season games or playoffs, thirty minutes are allocated for Super Bowl rations. After a special live episode of Fox's sketch comedy series In Living Color led to a decrease in viewership for the Super Bowl XXVI part-time event, the NFL sought to increase the Super Bowl audience by recruiting A-List talents to perform. They approached Michael Jackson, whose performance the following year drew a figure higher than the game itself. Another important performance came during Super Bowl XXXVI in 2002, when U2 was performed; during their third song, "Where the Streets Have No Name", the band played under a large projection screen that rolled out the names of victims of the September 11 attacks.
Over the years, Whitney Houston's appearance of the national anthem in Super Bowl XXV in 1991, during the Gulf War, has long been regarded as one of the best songs of the national anthem in history. Then, in a historic, innovative and emotional show before Super Bowl XLVIII, soprano Renee Fleming became the first opera singer to bring the national anthem, pushing FOX to the highest rank of any program in its history, and has remained so to this day.
The half-time performance of the Super Bowl XXXVIII drew the controversy, after an incident in which Justin Timberlake took out the top of Janet Jackson, briefly exposing one of her breasts before the broadcast was quickly cut from the shot. The incident resulted in a fine issued by the FCC (and a bigger crackdown on "obscene" content broadcast on television), and MTV (who was the brother of the game's announcer that year, CBS, under Viacom) was banned by the NFL to produce The Halftime Super Bowl show in the future. In an effort to prevent a recurrence of the incident, the NFL held a moratorium on a first-ever Super Bowl show featuring pop artists, and instead invited a veteran headlining act, such as Paul McCartney, The Who, Prince, and Bruce Springsteen. This practice ends at Super Bowl XLV, which again uses the current pop act like The Black Eyed Peas and Katy Perry.
Excluding Super Bowl XXXIX, the famous "I'm going to Disney World!" advertising campaigns took place in every Super Bowl since Super Bowl XXI when quarterback Phil Simms of the New York Giants became the first player to pronounce the tagline.
Venue
At Super Bowl LII, 27 of 52 Super Bowls have been played in three cities: New Orleans (ten times), Greater Miami area (ten times), and Greater Los Angeles area (seven times). No NFL-enabled market or region has ever hosted the Super Bowl, and the presence of NFL teams in the market or territory is now a de jure requirement to bid on the game. The winning market is not, however, necessary to host the Super Bowl at the same stadium used by the NFL team, and nine Super Bowls have been held at stadiums other than those used by the NFL team in the city at the time. For example, the last five Super Bowls from Los Angeles are all played in the Rose Bowl, which has never been used by any NFL franchise outside the Super Bowl.
No team has ever played the Super Bowl in his home stadium. The closest team ever to the game was Minnesota Minnesota Vikings, who won a Super Bowl LII game at the US Bank Stadium but lost the NFC Championship game to the Philadelphia Eagles. Two teams have played the Super Bowl in their home market: the San Francisco 49ers, who play the Super Bowl XIX at Stanford Stadium, not at Candlestick Park; and the Los Angeles Rams, who played the Super Bowl XIV in the Rose Bowl instead of the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. In both cases, the stadium in which the Super Bowl was held was considered a better stadium for the big event, high profile than the Rams stadium and 49ers were playing at the time; this situation has not appeared since 1993, partly because the league has traditionally been awarded the Super Bowl in modern times to the latest stadium. Besides the two of them, the only other place in the Super Bowl that was not the home stadium for the NFL team at the time was the Rice Stadium in Houston: the Houston Oilers had played there before but moved to Astrodome a few years before the Super Bowl VIII. The Orange Bowl is the only AFL stadium to host the Super Bowl and the only stadium to host the Super Bowl in a row, which hosts the Super Bowl II and III.
Traditionally, the NFL does not provide the Super Bowl to a stadium located in the climate with expected average daily temperatures of less than 50 ° F (10 ° C) on match day unless the field can be fully covered by a fixed or retractable roof. Six Super Bowls have been played in the northern cities: two in the Detroit area - Super Bowl XVI at Pontiac Silverdome in Pontiac, Michigan and Super Bowl XL at Ford Field in Detroit, two in Minneapolis - Super Bowl XXVI at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome and Super Bowl LII at the US Bank Stadium, one in Indianapolis at Lucas Oil Stadium for Super Bowl XLVI, and one in the New York - Super Bowl XLVIII area at the MetLife Stadium. Only MetLife Stadium does not have a roof (be it fixed or retractable), but it's still chosen as the host stadium for the Super Bowl XLVIII in a real waiver of the warm climatic rules.
There are some examples where the league has canceled the Super Bowl from the cities. The Super Bowl XXVII in 1993 was originally given to Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona, but after Arizona voters chose not to recognize Martin Luther King, Jr. Day as a paid employee holiday in 1990, the NFL moved the game to the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. When voters in Arizona chose to make such an official holiday in 1992, the Super Bowl XXX in 1996 was awarded to Tempe. The Super Bowl XXXIII was first awarded to Candlestick Park in San Francisco, but when plans to renovate the stadium failed, the game was moved to the larger Pro Player Players Stadium in Miami. The Super Bowl XXXVII was given to a new stadium not yet built in San Francisco, when the stadium failed to build, the game was moved to San Diego. The Super Bowl XLIV, scheduled for February 7, 2010, was withdrawn from New York City's proposed West Side Stadium, because the city, state, and tenants proposed by the New York Jets could not approve funding. Super Bowl XLIV was finally awarded to Sun Life Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida. The Super Bowl XLIX in 2015 was originally awarded to Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, but after two sales taxes failed to qualify on the ballot box, and opposition by local business leaders and politicians increased, Kansas City eventually withdrew a request to host the match. Super Bowl XLIX was finally awarded to the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona.
In 2011, Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott said, "[Super Bowl] is commonly known as the biggest human trafficking incident in the United States." According to Forbes, 10,000 prostitutes were brought to Miami in 2010 for the Super Bowl. Snopes research in 2015 determined that the actual number of prostitutes involved in a typical Super Bowl weekend is less than 100, not statistically higher than any other time of the year, and that the idea of ​​mass increase in human trafficking around the Super Bowl is a political myth.
Selection process
The Super Bowl location was chosen by the NFL well before, usually three to five years before the game. Cities are placing bids to host the Super Bowl and are evaluated in terms of stadium renovation and their ability to host. In 2014, a list of special requirements documents from Super Bowl hosts is leaked, giving a clear list of what it takes to host the Super Bowl. Most Super Bowl fees will be assumed by the host community, although some fees are mentioned in terms that will be assumed by the NFL. Some host requirements include:
- The host stadium should be in the market that hosts the NFL team and must have at least 70,000 seats, with the media and power facilities needed to produce the Super Bowl. The stadium may include a temporary seat for the Super Bowl, but the seats must be approved by the league. Stadium where the average game day temperature below 50 Â ° Fahrenheit must have a roof or a waiver given by the league. There should be a minimum of 35,000 parking spaces within a mile of the stadium.
- The host stadium should have room for the Gameday Experience, a large pregame entertainment area, within walking distance of the stadium.
- The host city should have room for the NFL Experience, an interactive football entertainment park that operated the week before the Super Bowl. An indoor venue for the event must have a minimum of 850,000 square feet, and an open space must have at least 1,000,000 square feet. In addition, there should be room around for the Media Center, and space for all other events involved in Super Bowl week, including golf course and bowling alley.
- The necessary infrastructure should be around the stadium and other Super Bowl facilities, including parking, security, electricity needs, media needs, communication needs, and transportation needs.
- There should be a minimum amount of hotel space within an hour's journey from the stadium to equal 35% of the stadium capacity, along with the hotel for teams, officials, media, and other officials. (For the XXXIX Super Bowl, the city of Jacksonville docked several luxury cruises on their harbor to act as a temporary hotel space.)
- There should be an equivalent and comparable quality of exercise room for both teams within a 20-minute drive of the team hotel, and an exercise room for all events within a reasonable distance to the stadium. The training facility should have one lawn and at least one field with the same surface as the host stadium.
- The stadium should have at least 70,000 seats fixed, including clubs and fixed seats, during regular season operations.
NFL owners meet to make choices on the site, usually three to five years before the event. In 2007, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell suggested that the Super Bowl might be played in London, possibly at Wembley Stadium. The game has never been played in an area that does not have an NFL franchise; seven Super Bowls have been played in Los Angeles, but nobody has been held there in a 21-year period when the league has no teams in the area. New Orleans, the Super Bowl 2013 site, invested more than $ 1 billion in infrastructure improvements in the years leading up to the game.
Through Super Bowl LVI, teams are allowed to bid the right to host the Super Bowl. This League cancels this privilege by 2018 and will make all decisions regarding the hosting site of Super Bowl LVII and so on; the league will choose a potential spot unilaterally, the selected team will collect the hosting proposal, and the league will select it to determine if it is acceptable.
Appointment of home team
The designated "host team" switches between NFC teams in odd-numbered games and AFC teams in even-numbered games. This change begins with the first Super Bowl, when the Green Bay Packers are the designated host team. Regardless of being the home team or the visitors, each team has a team logo and a word mark painted in one of the final zones. The designated team has won 30 of 51 Super Bowls to date (about 59 percent).
Since Super Bowl XIII in January 1979, the home team was given the choice of wearing a white or colored shirt. Initially, the designated host team had to wear their colored shirts, which resulted in Dallas wearing their dark blue shirts that were less open for the Super Bowl V. While most of the home team at the Super Bowl had opted to wear their colored shirts, there had been six ( 6) Exceptions: Dallas Cowboys during Super Bowl XIII and XXVII, Washington Redskins during Super Bowl XVII, Pittsburgh Steelers during Super Bowl XL, Denver Broncos during Super Bowl 50, and New England Patriots at Super Bowl LII. The Cowboys, since 1964, has been wearing a white T-shirt at home. The Redskins wore white clothing at home under coach Joe Gibbs from 1981 to 1992, followed by Richie Petitbon and Norv Turner until 2000, then again when Gibbs returned from 2004 to 2007. Meanwhile, the Steelers, who always wore their black shirts in home since the AFL-NFL merger in 1970, chose a white T-shirt after winning three consecutive playoffs on the road, wearing white clothing. Steelers' decision compared to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XX; The Patriots had been wearing a white T-shirt at home during the 1985 season, but after winning a street playoff game against the New York Jets and Miami Dolphins wearing red shirts, New England chose to switch to red for the Super Bowl as the designated host team. For the Broncos at Super Bowl 50, the general manager of Denver John Elway simply stated, "We have won the Super Bowl in our white uniform"; they had previously 0-4 in the Super Bowl while wearing their orange shirts. The Broncos decision is also considered to be made of superstition, losing all Super Bowl matches with orange shirts in a terrible way. It is unclear why the Patriots chose to wear their white shirts for the Super Bowl LII. During the couple Bill Belichick and Tom Brady, New England have been wearing their blue shirts for home games but have been subjected to white for home games in 2008, 2010 and 2011 season. The New England Patriots are 3-0 in their white uniforms in the Super Bowl before the Super Bowl LII with Belichick and Brady, and they may have followed the latest trend of the team wearing white clothing for the Super Bowl game. The white-clad team has won 33 of the 52 Super Bowls to date (63 percent). The only teams that have won in dark uniforms in recent years are the Green Bay Packers against the Pittsburgh Steelers in the Super Bowl XLV and the Philadelphia Eagles against the New England Patriots at Super Bowl LII, with a team that won 12 whites from the last 14 Super Bowls.
The 49ers, as part of the 75th anniversary celebration of the League, used their 1957 backstroke uniform on the Super Bowl XXIX, which in that year was their regular home jersey. No team has yet to wear a third jersey uniform or a Color Rush uniform for the Super Bowl.
Host city/region
Fifteen different areas have hosted the Super Bowl.
Note: The year listed is the year in which the game is actually played (or will be played ; future games are notated via italics ) rather than what the NFL season is considered to be.
host stadium
Twenty-six different stadiums, five of which are missing and one is missing, have been hosted or scheduled to host the Super Bowl. The years listed in the table below are the years the game is actually played ( to be played ) rather than the NFL season what is considered to have happened.
^ Ã, ^: The stadium is now destroyed.
Miami Gardens became a city in 2003. Before that, the stadium ã €€ has a Miami address while in unrelated Miami County-Dade. The original Stanford stadium, hosting the Super Bowl XIX, was demolished and replaced with the original Stanford Stadium. new stadium in 2006.
Ã, ?: Ã, Future Super Bowl, also denoted by italic .
Upcoming location:
- 2019: Mercedes-Benz Stadium (1), Atlanta (3)
- 2020: Hard Rock Stadium (6), Miami Gardens, Florida (6; 11 for Miami metropolitan area)
- 2021: Raymond James Stadium (3), Tampa, Florida (5)
- 2022: Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park (1), Inglewood, California (1; 8 for Los Angeles metropolitan area)
- 2023: Phoenix University Stadium (3), Glendale, Arizona (3)
- 2024: Mercedes-Benz Superdome (8), New Orleans, Louisiana (10)
The game has never been played in an area that does not have an NFL or AFL franchise. London, England is sometimes referred to as the host city for the Super Bowl in the near future. Wembley Stadium has hosted several NFL games as part of the NFL International Series and is specially designed for large and individual events. NFL commissioner Roger Goodell has openly discussed the possibilities on various occasions. Time zone complications are a significant obstacle to the Super Bowl in London; typical at 6:30 pm Start East Time will produce the game starting at 11:30 noon. local time in London, a very late hour to hold a spectator sport (the NFL has never in history started the game any later than 9:15 local time). Since the offer has been filed for all Super Bowls through Super Bowl LVI, the soonest that any stadium outside the NFL tread can serve as the host is Super Bowl LVII in 2023.
Super Bowl trademark
The NFL is very active in stopping what it says as unauthorized commercial use of the trademarked term "NFL", "Super Bowl", and "Super Sunday". As a result, many events and promotions related to the game, but not approved by the NFL, are required to refer to them with euphemisms such as "The Big Game", or other common descriptions. A radio station for the cemetery planters parodies this, saying "it will be super ... to have a bowl ... Planters planters while watching big games!" and comedian Stephen Colbert began referring to the game in 2014 as the "Extraordinary Ghost". In 2015, the NFL objected to the USPTO Trademark Trial and Appeal Board for trademark applications filed by Arizona-based nonprofits for "Superb Owl". The NFL claims that the use of the phrase "Super Bowl" implies an NFL affiliation, and on this basis the league affirms the broad right to restrict how the game can be publicly displayed; for example, the league says Super Bowl shows are prohibited in churches or at other events that "promote messages", while places that do not regularly feature sporting events can not show Super Bowls on television screens larger than 55 inches. Some critics say the NFL exaggerates its ownership rights by stating that "any use is forbidden", as this is contrary to the widespread doctrine of fair use in the United States. Legislation was proposed by Utah Senator Orrin Hatch in 2008 "to grant exceptions of exclusive rights in copyright for certain nonprofit organizations to feature live football games", and "for other purposes".
In 2004, The NFL began issuing Stop letters and Desist to a casino in Las Vegas that hosted Super Bowl parties. "Super Bowl" is a registered trademark, owned by the NFL, and any other business that uses that name for a profit-seeking business is in violation of federal law, according to letters. In reaction to the letters, many resorts in Vegas, instead of stopping popular and lucrative parties, began to call them "Big Game Parties."
In 2006, the NFL made efforts for the trademark "The Big Game" as well; however, the app was recalled in 2007 due to increased commercial rejection and public relations to the move, mostly from Stanford University and the University of California, Berkeley and their fans, when the Stanford Cardinal football team and the California Golden Bears team competed at Big Game , which has been played since 1892 (28 years before the formation of the NFL and 75 years before the Super Bowl I). In addition, the Mega Millions lottery game was known as The Big Game from 1996 to 2002.
Use of the phrase "world champion"
Like other big professional leagues in the United States, the Super Bowl winner is usually declared a "world champion", a title that has been ridiculed by non-American journalists. Others feel the title is fitting, because it is the only professional league of its kind.
Media related to Super Bowl on Wikimedia Commons
- Official website
- Super Bowl in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- Super Bowl broadcast backend (2016) - Terry Collins, special effects Super Bowl: New camera replay style 'Matrix', CNET, February 5, 2016
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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