Spikenard , also called nard , nardin , and muskroot , is an aromatic yellow essential oil class derived from < i> Nardostachys jatamansi , flowering plants of the valerian family grown in the Himalayas in Nepal, China, and India. Oil has been used for centuries as perfume, traditional medicine, or in religious ceremonies across vast areas from India to Europe.
Catholic Church iconography uses spikenard to represent Saint Joseph. In this sense, Pope Francis entered the spikenard into his emblem.
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Sumber tanaman
Nardostachys jatamansi is a flowering plant of the valerian family that grows in the Himalayas in Nepal, China, and India. Plants grow about 1 meter (3Ã, ft) in height and have pink flowers bell-shaped. Found at an altitude of about 3,000 to 5,000 m (9,800 to 16,400 feet). The rhizomes (underground rods) can be destroyed and distilled into aromatic aromatic essential oils, which are very thick in consistency. Oil nard is used as perfume, incense, sedative, and herbal remedies to fight insomnia, birth difficulties, and other minor ailments.
Lavender (genus Lavandula ) is also known by the ancient Greeks as nardos , nard, after the Sanskrit "narada" or "nalada".
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Historical usage
The oil was known in ancient times and is part of the Indian Ayurvedic herbal tradition. It was obtained as a luxury in ancient Egypt, Near East. In Rome, it is the main ingredient of the perfume nardinum (O.L. nÃÆ'¡ladam ), derived from the Hebrew ???? ???? ( shebolet nerd , head of the nard bunch), which is part of the Ketoret used when referring to the purified incense described in the Hebrew and Talmudic Scriptures. This is also called as HaKetoret (incense).
It was offered on a special incense altar when the Tabernacle was located in the First and Second Temples of Jerusalem. Ketoret is an important component of the Temple service in Jerusalem. Nard is mentioned several times in Tanakh, and as part of the incense in reference to the hilchot shabbat in Tractate Shabbat 78b and Maimonides Hilchot Shabbat 18:16. It is mentioned twice in the Song of Songs (1:12 and 4:13).
Nard is used for Patroklos's body perfume by Achilles in Book 18 of Homer Iliad . Pliny's Natural History lists the twelve species of "nard", which can be identified with various assurances, including Lavandula stoechas and tuberous valerian and true nard (in modern terms Nardostachys jatamansi ).
This is a common taste in Ancient Roman food and often appears in Apicius recipes, although it tends to be used sparingly.
Spikenard is used for seasonal food in medieval European cuisine, especially as part of a seasoning mix used to flavor hypocras, spiced and spiced wines. From the 17th century, it was one of the ingredients for a strong beer called stingo.
The ancient Greeks called the lavender herb nardus , after the city of Naarda in Syria (probably the modern city of Dohuk, Iraq). It's also called nard . The species that originally grew up was L. stoecha .
Religion
Bible
In the New Testament John 12: 1-10, six days before the Passover Jesus arrived at Bethany. In Bethany, Mary, Lazarus's sister, used a pure pint nard to anoint Jesus' feet. Judas Iscariot, the keeper of money bags, asked why the ointment did not sell for three hundred dinars instead (about a year's salary, since the average farm worker received a denarius for 12 hours of work: Matthew 20: 2) and the money was given to the poor. Two parts in parallel (Matthew 26: 6-13, and Mark 14: 3-9):
- 3 And being in Bethany at the house of Simon the leper, as he sat in the flesh, came a woman who had a precious alphaster box of spikenard ointment; and he braked the box, and poured it on his head.
- 4 And there are some people who have anger in them, and say, Why is this salt waste made?
Catholic Church
In the tradition of hispanic iconography of the Catholic Church, the spikenard is used to represent Saint Joseph. The Vatican has said that the emblem of Pope Francis includes a spikenard referring to Saint Joseph.
Nard is also mentioned in the book Inferno from Dante Alighieri Divine Comedy , such as (in HF Cary translation):
- He feels, but tears of incense only
- And the smelly amomum: the nard plots
- And the caffeine nap.
References
Further reading
- Dalby, Andrew, "Spikenard" at Alan Davidson, The Oxford Companion to Food , second edition. by Tom Jaine (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBNÃ, 0-19-280681-5).
External links
- Caldecott, Todd (2006). Ayurveda: The Divine Knowledge of Life . Elsevier/Mosby. ISBNÃ, 0-7234-3410-7. Ã, Contains a detailed monograph on Nardostachys grandiflora, N. jatamansi ( Jatamamsi) as well as discussions about the benefits and use of health in clinical practice.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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