Portability of local numbers ( LNP ) for fixed phone lines, and full mobile phone portability ( FMNP ) for phone lines mobile, referring to the "record customer" capability of a fixed or mobile phone number assigned by a local exchange operator (LEC) to reassign the number to another carrier ("Portability Provider Service"), move to another location ("Geographic Portability "), or change the type of service (" Portability Service "). In many cases, there are limits to redirects related to geography, service area coverage, and technology. Portability Location and Service Portability is not consistently defined or implemented in the telecommunications industry.
In the United States and Canada, the portability of mobile numbers is referred to as WNP or WLNP (Wireless LNP). Around the world it is referred to as cell phone portability number (MNP). Wireless Number Portability is available in parts of Africa, Asia, Australia, Latin America and most European countries including the UK; However, this is related to the transfer between mobile phone lines only. Canada, South Africa and the United States are the only countries that offer full number portability transfer between fixed line and mobile phone, since mobile and fixed phone numbers are mixed in the same area code, and are billed identically to callers, users mobile phones usually pay for incoming calls; in other countries all mobile numbers are placed in a dedicated cellular area code at a higher price and the caller to pay mobile for that call. The Hong Kong government has tentatively approved the portability of fixed telephone numbers; however, as of July 2012, this service is not yet available.
Some mobile phone companies will charge for this conversion as the cost of restoring the applicable regulations.
Video Local number portability
Histori
The LNP was invented by Edward Sonnenberg while working for Siemens. Although introduced as a tool to promote competition in the highly monopoly telecommunication telephony industry, portability numbers are becoming popular with the emergence of cell phones, as in most countries different mobile operators are given different area codes and, without portability, changing one's carrier will require changing someone's number. Some operators, especially incumbent operators with existing large customer bases, have opposed portability on the grounds that the provision of these services leads to considerable overhead, while others argue that it prevents vendors from locking in and allows them to compete fairly on prices and services. Due to this conflict of interest, portability numbers are usually mandated for all operators by telecommunications regulatory authorities. In the US, the LNP was mandated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 1996. The mandate requires all operators in the top 100 Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSAs) to become "LNP-capable" and port numbers for each operator sending BFR (bona fide request). The ability to store numbers when switching providers is considered attractive to consumers. It is also a major point made by CLEC (Local Competitive Transport Operator) that prevents customers from leaving the ILECs (Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers), hampering competition. Details on the reasons for LNP and how to implement can be found in the First Report and Order referenced above.
In the US, the FCC has mandated this to increase competition among service providers. Until the end of November 2003, LNP is required for all fixed line and wireless carriers, as long as the number is ported to the same geographic area or telephone exchange. This latest mandate includes operators outside the top 100 MSAs who previously enjoyed the rural operator release.
Maps Local number portability
Portability schemes
There are four main methods to route the number whose operator has changed.
All Calls Question (ACQ)
The operator that initiates the call always checks the centralized database and obtains a route to the call. The origin operator then directs the call to the Serving Network.
Query on Release (QoR)
The operator who initiates the call first checks with the carrier where the initial number is, the donor operator. Donor operator verifies the call and notifies that it no longer has a number. The operator that initiates the call then checks the centralized database, as does ACQ.
Call Dropback
Also known as Return to Pivot (RoP). The operator who initiated the call first checks with the donor operator. Donor operators check their own databases and provide new routes. The operator who initiates the call then uses this route to forward the call. No data center consulted.
On Going (OR)
The operator who initiates the call calls the call to the donor operator. Donor operators check their own database and get new routes. The operator whose number is assigned redirects the call to the new operator. This model is called indirect routing.
Technical issues
The complexity for portability of numbers can come from many sources. Historically, numbers were assigned to different operators in the block. The operators, who are often also service providers, then provide these numbers to phone service customers. The numbers are also recycled in blocks. With portability numbers, it is expected that this block size can grow smaller or even to a single number. After this happens the details of the operation will represent a greater workload for telecommunication providers. With phone numbers assigned to different operators on the block, the system works pretty well in a fixed network environment because everyone is tied to the same infrastructure. The situation becomes somewhat more complex in the wireless environment as made by cellular communications.
In the portability number, "donor network" provides the number and "receiving network" receiving the number. The numbered operation requires that the number be "taken" from the network and "go to" the receiving network. If the customer stops needing the number, then it is natural that the original donor receives the number back and "returns the number" to his network. The situation is a bit more complicated if the user leaves the first operator for the second and then chooses to use the third operator. In this case the second operator will return the number to the first and then set to the third.
In mobile communications, the concept of a location registry exists to bind a "mobile station" (like a cell phone) to that number. If a number is called, you must be able to determine where within the mobile station network exists. Some mechanisms for such forwarding must exist. (For an example of such a system, see article on GSM network.)
In the US, there are standards for portability defined by FCC, LNPA, NANPA and ATIS agreed by all providers to help make LNP cost-effective and as possible while maintaining a healthy level of security for all service providers and with respect to the highest level of customer service. These rules, which are first defined in the FCC's First, 2 and 3 and Order Reports (publicly available at fcc.gov), are further described by LNPA to ensure each provider can successfully enter the port number to another provider. iconectiv provides a national database called NPAC (National Portability Administration Center) that contains the correct routing information for all ported and pooled numbers in the US and Canada. NANC maintains detailed documentation of common procedures among US carriers to port numbers as described here.
Providers use SS7 to route calls across the US/Canada network. SS7 accesses the database for various services such as CNAM, LIDB, Local Custom Signal Local Service (CLASS) and LNP. Calls to the port number are completed when the customer who calls the ported number sends the number dialed to the provider's SSP (Switch Point Service), where it is identified either as a local call or not. If a local call, the switch has NPA-NXX in the routing table as portable, thus sending a routing request to the Signal Transfer Point (STP) accessing the local database updated by the LSMS (Local Service Management System). ) that stores all routing for all port numbers to which the carrier is responsible for completing the call. If the routing information is found, the response is sent to a "query" containing the information required to redirect the call correctly. If it is not a local number, the call is forwarded to STP and redirected to the local operator who will perform the "request" previously mentioned and the corresponding call route.
The routing information required to complete this call is known as the Routing Number (LRN). LRN is no more than a 10 digit simple phone number located in the switch service provider that currently provides services for ported phone numbers.
When the provider receives a request to port a phone number from a new customer, the provider sends an industry standard Service Request (LSR) to an existing provider (or "old"). When the Old Provider receives this request, he sends back the company order confirmation (FOC) and the porting process number (s) begins. One provider can start ports using the Service Order Manager (SOA or LSOA) which directly edits the previously mentioned NPAC database. The provider may also make this request in the NPAC database directly. If the new provider starts the port, it's called "drag," and if the old operator starts, it's a "boost." After a number has been withdrawn or pushed, the provider must approve the request and the new provider must "activate" the number using the LRN of the switch serving the customer on an agreed due date. At this point is completed, the ported number.
Most of these processes are duplicated in intermodal portability (ported between wireline and wireless provider). There are some technical differences, however, in WLNP - Especially with attention at permitted time intervals.
Fax and pager numbers
Some service providers, especially those related to fax services, do not qualify as "local exchange operators" or other forms of telecommunications operators. Such a service provider may be a "customer record" from the LEC perspective. Consequently, applicable law should not require such providers to issue numbers to other providers. Users and providers often negotiate portability and outgoing port charges. eFax is one vendor that claims it is not a telecommunications company and does not allow porting out of the numbers initially assigned by them to their customers; However, the ported number by the customer to eFax can be exported out.
The fax machine connected to its own physical phone line at the customer's premises is portable in the same way as other standard wireline services. Different rings sometimes cause problems, since one home phone may have two or three numbers with a fax modem or dial-up programmed to answer just one of the secondary numbers in the phone. Separating the main number will usually stop subscribing to the entire line, deciding the secondary number without moving it to the new provider.
In Canada, pocket pager answering service is excluded from all portability requirements of local numbers. The same is not true for mobile phones, which are fully portable to other operators or other types of services (such as landline or voice over IP) within the same local interconnection area.
Portability by country
Africa
Kenya
Kenya Communications Commission announced in 2004 that portability of mobile numbers will be available starting July 1, 2005 and portability of fixed phone numbers as of 1 July 2006. Mobile Phone Number Portability was officially launched on April 1, 2011.
South Africa
Number Portability Company (Reg. No. 2005/040348/07) was established in 2005 and Mobile Number Portability was introduced on November 10, 2006. Geographic Number Portability (between fixed carriers) was introduced on April 26, 2010. Mobile Company Number Portability owned jointly by mobile operators and still includes Vodacom, MTN, Cell C, Telkom and Neotel.
Americas
ArgentinaIn Argentina, the portability of full mobile numbers is available since March 2012, becoming law approved in 2000. It initially takes up to ten business days to become effective. However, since July 2017, it will take 24 hours to be effective.
Brazil
In Brazil, portability numbers (both fixed and mobile) are nationally available since March 2009. However, it is not possible to port a fixed phone number to a mobile phone number and vice versa. It is possible to carry a fixed-line telephone number in the same city and for cell phone numbers within the same area code (comprising parts of a state to the whole state).
Canada
In Canada, local/wired/local based exchange operators must provide portability. On March 14, 2007, wireless carriers had to provide portability in most Canadians.
The numbers are only portable in the LIR (local interconnection area), the territory defined by ILEC and approved by the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), each of which includes a number of exchanges. Each LIR has an Interconnection (POI) point of exchange through a routed call, and if the ported number to LIR is different then a call to that destination will be rejected by the POI switch.
Not all exchanges support LNP, usually there needs to be competition in exchange before ILEC will allow portability, and then only on demand. Most small local independent telephone exchange exchanges are exempt from competition and local portability number requirements. The numbers in non-geographic area code that are rarely used 600 are not portable.
Dominican Republic
In the Dominican Republic, portability numbers on mobile and local phones were launched September 30, 2009. In March, 2009, the Dominican Telecommunications Institute (INDOTEL) selected Informática El Corte InglÃÆ'Ã… © s to manage portability numbers.
Ecuador
In Ecuador, Cell Portability Number has been available since October 12, 2009.
Mexico
Mexico is the first Latin American country to have a portability number on mobile and local phones. The Federal Telecommunications Commission (COFETEL) applies this law, in defense and the large monopoly arrangements that Telmex has. It is also one of the requirements for Telmex, if Mexican companies want to enter the video market Triple play (telecommunications). Portability numbers are available since July 5, 2008. Handling services are handled by Telcordia Technologies.
United States
In the United States, 47 USC Ã,§ 251 (b) (2), added by the Telecommunications Act of 1996, requires all local exchange operators (LECs) to offer portability numbers in accordance with Federal Communications Commission (Federal Communications Commission) (FCC). The FCC adopted the regulation on 27 June 1996, with the LEC required to implement it in the 100 largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas before October 1, 1997 and elsewhere on December 31, 1998. (This regulation is currently located in 47 CFR 52 Subpas C The LNP was first applied in the US after the establishment of the original Portability Administration Number (NPAC) Center in Chicago, Illinois in 1998. The service includes a preferred tariff center in the Ameritech region. After that, as the switch and telephone network are upgraded with location routing capability (LRN), the LNP is deployed sequentially to the remaining Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOC) area. The FCC USA has since mandated the Portability of Local Local Number starting November 24, 2003 (in metropolitan areas), and allows operators to charge additional monthly fees Long-Term Access Port Last Portability as compensation. On November 10, 2003, the FCC additionally ruled that the portability number applies to home phone numbers that move to mobile phones and, on 31 October 2007, the FCC explained that the obligation to provide LNP extends to VoIP providers. The toll-free phone number (area code 1-800) has been portable through the RespOrg system since 1993 in the US and 1994 in Canada. Asia
Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, portability of connection numbers remained available from 1 July 1995, the same day as the liberalization of the fixed line telephone market (ie franchise monopoly reversal), which is a requirement of the government. The portability of mobile numbers is available from 1 March 1999. Although the government allows porting of fixed line numbers to mobile operators or otherwise, the introduction of these services will be decided by voluntary/mobile operators voluntarily. As of October 2009, the portability of fixed phone numbers is not available.
India
The portability of mobile numbers was launched in India in the state of Haryana on November 25, 2010. It was finally launched to all over India on January 20, 2011.
Israel
In Israel, the portability number is free and takes 15 minutes. All cell lines can be ported, Landline numbers can be ported, except between regions (area code). Wireless and VoIP companies each have a single area code for all countries. In it, the numbers can be ported regardless of geographic area.
There is no porting between landline and cellular network. (date implemented? http://www.moc.gov.il/new/documents/engineering/faq_24.8.05.pdf)
Japanese
In Japan, channel portability continued to start in March 2001. ???????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? referred to as portability or MNP) started on October 24, 2006. Users can change their mobile phone operators without changing their numbers for a fee of 5000 yen. However, email addresses may change, and music/data downloads may become unusable.
The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan (MIC) spent three years implementing portability of cellular portability, since the workgroup initially started in November 2003. As a result, NTT DoCoMo, KDDI and Softbank accelerated price battles, but small effects due to already competitive pricing plans and customer loyalty. Overall, the portability of mobile numbers in Japan is not very successful, due to the high transition costs for customers due to the SIM lock, the long time it takes to set the portability of mobile numbers, allowing operators to fence customers with pricing plans, and the importance of mobile Internet mail.
Malaysia
In Malaysia, mobile phone portability plans began in mid-2008, according to an article in the National News Agency Named
Saudi Arabia
In Saudi Arabia, MNP was launched on July 8, 2006, becoming the first country to launch this service in the ME region. Centralized portability clearinghouse solutions (NPCs) are implemented by CITC (telecommunication regulatory authorities) and two mobile phone operators are required to implement MNP solutions on their networks and to interact with NPCs. services are provided to mobile customers for free.
Oman
In Oman, the Mobile Portability Number is mandated by Public Mobile Operators, Nawras and Oman Mobile, through licenses issued to them by the Telecommunication Regulatory Authority (TRA). The portability of mobile numbers was launched on August 26, 2006. Users can change mobile phone operators without changing their number with a nominal fee of 3 OMR.
Pakistan
In Pakistan, the PTA mandated portability phone number on March 23, 2007. Users can change their mobile phone service for free. They only need to pay for a new sim card depending on the migrated service provider. Some companies do not even charge anything.
Singapore
Singapore was one of the first countries to introduce portability numbers for mobile phones in 1997. It is currently implemented through voice & amp; SMS forwarding. The actual portability number has been realized since June 13, 2008, with the implementation of the Centralized Number Portability Portability Solution, as proposed by Infocomm Development Authority (IDA) Singapore. [2]
South Korea
In South Korea, the mobile number portability service started from January 1, 2004. One thing that is different from other countries is that it starts from SK Telecom, the dominant operator that has more than 50% market share. To prevent users from switching to dominant operators, the government delays six months and one year delays for second and third carriers, respectively. As a result, only SK Telecom customers can move to another carrier for the first six months.
Sri Lanka
The Sri Lankan government made a policy decision in August 2007 to introduce a portability number for mobile phones in Sri Lanka. This is supported by Sri Lanka Telecom owned by Mobitel Lanka and other mobile operators.
Taiwan
Europe
In the European Union, all phone providers must provide portability numbers under the Universal Services Directive (2002/22/EU) .
Austria
In Austria, portability numbers were implemented in October 2004.
Belgium
In Belgium, portability numbers were implemented in October 2002.
Cyprus
In Cyprus, geographic, non-geographic and portable phone numbers are required on July 12, 2004.
Denmark
In Denmark, portability of fixed line numbers and ISDN took place on January 1, 2001. Mobile phone portability was applied on July 1, 2001. In 2006, 238,293 fixed-line telephones were ported, along with 456,159 cellular connections. Considering that the fixed line amount at the end of 2006 was 2,974,000 and the number of cellular phone connections was 5,828,000, approximately 7.9% of the lines were transported in 2006.
Estonian
In Estonia, portability numbers are required from fixed carriers from 1 January 2004 and must be requested from mobile operators starting January 1, 2005.
Finnish
In Finland, the portability of mobile numbers was applied on July 25, 2003. The impact of portability of mobile phone numbers in Finland exceeded other countries. In one year (June 2003 - June 2004), TeliaSonera's combined share of Elisa and DNA fell from 98.7% to 87.9%.
French
In France, the portability of geographic numbers has been available since January 1, 1998. From 1 January 2001, it became possible to change the geographical location or operator while maintaining the same number. The portability of mobile numbers was introduced on 30 June 2003. However, due to the lack of effectiveness, the new system was launched on May 21, 2007 with two goals: having one contact for the customer (the new operator had to take all steps towards the portability of the cell phone number) and a maximum period of ten days for portability of influential mobile numbers.
German
In Germany, portability numbers were still introduced on January 1, 1998, for numbers and geographic numbers for non-geographic services. Mobile phone portability applied on November 1, 2002.
Greek
In Greece, portability numbers remain available from 1 January 2003. The portability of mobile numbers was applied on March 1, 2004.
Hungarian
In Hungary, portability exists for geographic numbers since January 1, 2004. Portability for non-geographic numbers (including mobile numbers) is available since May 1, 2004. Special area code 36 21 has been added, which legally allows numbers the phone is anywhere in the world, other than having the country code prefix 36.
ireland
In Ireland, the portability of local numbers was implemented in 2000, using an IN solution with a shared routing database. The portability of mobile numbers was partially introduced in 1997 with full portability available in 2003.
Italy
In Italy, the portability of mobile numbers is available since April 30, 2002.
Luxembourg
MNP was introduced in Luxembourg in June 2004. The Center for Mobile Portability Number (MNPC) managed by G.I.E Telcom E.I.G. group operators and developed, installed and operated by Systor Trondheim AS from Norway, was put into commercial operation since February 2005.
Norwegian
The portability of fixed numbers was introduced in Norway in 2000, one year before the introduction of mobile number portability. The administrative solution for fixed and mobile number portability in Norway, the National Reference Database (NRDB), began to be used in 2000. NRDB is owned and managed by the eight largest network operators in Norway through the US NRDB company. The reference database was developed, installed and currently operated by Systor Trondheim AS.
Portugal
In Portugal, fixed number portability has been implemented on 30 June 2001. Mobile portability numbers have been available since January 1, 2002. The Entidade de Referencia (ER)) agency that connects all network operators and service providers is operated by local operators. third party, Portabil SA, a joint venture between renowned international company Logica and Systor Trondheim AS.
Slovakia
In Slovakia, portability numbers were implemented in May 2004.
Spanish
In Spain, portability numbers among mobile phone operators are available from October 1, 2000, at no cost to end users. The technical details for such proceedings shall be governed by the CMT (ComisiÃÆ' Mercn del Mercado de las Telecomunicaciones or Telecoms Market Commission) and all operators shall comply with their terms. In August 2007, the portability cell number must be completed within 5 business days (ie excluding weekends) from the moment the request is confirmed by the customer, with actual keys occurring late at night to avoid loss of calls. Users wake up using a new SIM card from a new cell provider while saving the number.
In the mature Spanish mobile market (in June 2007, with 107 lines per 100 inhabitants), portability has been widely used by competing operators as a way to steal customers from each other, usually offering them free handsets or extra credits. From June 2006 to June 2007 alone, 3,957,556 mobile phone lines switched operators through this process, about 10% of all cellular lines used. Spain is one country in the EU where more customers have switched mobile providers, with more than 9 million switch operators completed in April 2007.
As for the fixed phone market, portability numbers are also available since 2000, but the weaker competition means that the actual adoption of the number portability process remains fairly sluggish. As of August 2004, 1,041,246 fixed line switches have been completed.
The phone market remains bizarre in Spain, as only two local loop providers can operate in any given region (or demarcaciÃÆ'³n as regulated by CMT): cable carriers (such as Ono, R, and many others) and used State monopoly (TelefÃÆ'³nica). The palm of them operates throughout the state - TelefÃÆ'³nica - is obliged to provide other companies with access to exchange facilities or leases/transfers from their copper last-mile loop, at a cost regulated by CMT (a practice known as local loop unbundling). Since cable providers do not have statewide footprint, many users do not have an actual opportunity to implement the "true" number portability, that is, hand over the TelefÃÆ'³nica service altogether. However some of them may obtain the services of a third company that will charge the service and then pay TelefÃÆ'³nica for the cost of renting and maintaining copper pairs, with customers receiving one bill. In the end, when TelefÃÆ'³nica created a resale program for fixed lines and DSL internet access, the previous monopoly still controlled the fixed phone market, including lucrative broadband access. In fact, TelefÃÆ'³nica was fined more than EUR152 million by the European Commission on July 4, 2007 for "hampering competition in the Spanish broadband internet access market for more than five years, and so robbing consumers and broadband preferred business suppliers".
Because billing schemes are used throughout Europe and most of the world, where callers consider full calling costs, and calling phones is usually more expensive than calling fixed channels, a distinction must be made between mobile numbers (starting with "6" or, from October 2011, "71", "72", "73" or "74",) and fixed numbers (usually starting with 9 or 8). The full number portability in which the customer transfers the cell to a fixed number or otherwise is not possible. See Phone numbering in Spain for more information.
Swedish
In Sweden, fixed line portability was implemented in 1999 and portability of mobile numbers was implemented on September 1, 2001. At the introduction of mobile numbers, Swedish operators merged and obtained a central solution, SNPAC CRDB, which is the current center reference database. contains both fixed and mobile installs.
Swiss
In Switzerland, mobile number portability is available from November 1, 2015.
Turkish
In Turkey, the portability of mobile numbers has been implemented in November 2008. The fixed number portability was originally planned to take place exactly 6 months after the portability of mobile numbers, on May 9, 2009. However, it was not until September 9, 2009 approved by regulatory procedures for fixed number portability. Since then, fixed and mobile operators, and incumbents, are working to get the process and perform interoperability tests. However, there is still progress to be made and the progress to portability of numbers remains unproven running forward as at times as portability of cell phone numbers..
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, Ofcom directs fixed line network providers, cellular providers, and broadband providers to provide portability numbers under Port Authorization Code rules and Migration Authorization Code Practice codes respectively. Since Britain is a member state of the EU, Ofcom's direction is intended to reflect the requirements of the EU Directive 2002/22/EU.
Serbian
The portability service number on the public phone network at the location remains available from April 1, 2014.
Oceania
Australia
In Australia, local phone numbers have been portable since 1999. The porting process is based on peer-to-peer file exchange between fixed phone operators. According to ACMA, the portability of local numbers came into full force in early 2000. The portability of mobile numbers was made available on September 25, 2001.
For service providers who require knowledge of porting activities to enable them to deliver live voice calls to the current "network owner", they can form agreements with all fixed line operators, or use third party LNP providers, such as Paradigm.One.
New Zealand
In New Zealand, the portability of local and cellular numbers (LMNP) began on April 1, 2007. The rules governing LMNP are derived from the Portability Number Determination. Ports are authorized, scheduled, and coordinated via a centralized number portability system called IPMS (Industry Portability Management System). All networks update their own routing and confirm this to IPMS. There are now 26 operators and service providers participating in LMNP in New Zealand, more than one million numbers have been ported.
See also
- Local loop unbundling
- Service Letter
- Port Authorization Code
- Portability of mobile numbers
References
- Malaysia Mobile Number Portability Watch
- Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission - Cellular (Wireless) Service (Fact Sheet) (March 2006)
- [3] (March 2007)
- [4] (March 2007)
External links
- "Portability: Keeping Your Phone Number While Changing Your Service Provider". Guide . Washington, DC: Federal Communications Commission . Retrieved Apr 23 2012 . "What is LNP?". Portability Administration Number . Sterling, VA: Neustar. 2012 . Retrieved Apr 23 2012 .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments